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<p>Straw return is an important soil conservation measure for enhancing soil fertility, while its impact on photochemical processes in paddy water has not been sufficiently studied. This research employed pot experiments to examine how straw incorporation influences reactive intermediates (RIs) generation, including triplet-excited dissolved organic matter (<sup>3</sup>DOM<sup>*</sup>), singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>), and hydroxyl radical (<sup>•</sup>OH) in paddy overlying water. Compared to the CK treatment, straw amendment enhanced the RIs concentrations 3.21–157.99%. UV–Vis and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that straw application promoted the microbial transformation of large-molecular humic substances into small-molecular humic-like and fulvic-like materials. These substances are rich in quinone and carboxyl functional groups, exhibit strong photochemical activity, and facilitate the generation of photochemically induced RIs. Furthermore, straw returning significantly accelerated the degradation of butachlor (BTR), with the contribution rates of <sup>3</sup>DOM<sup>*</sup>, <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, and <sup>•</sup>OH to BTR degradation at 88.01%, 15.31%, and 25.60%, respectively. This research offers new perspectives on the impacts of straw returning on paddy water photochemistry and the abiotic degradation pathways of herbicide residues.</p>

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Straw Return Promotes Light-Induced Reactive Intermediates Production in Paddy Water and Accelerates Butachlor Degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Menglei Liu,
  • Shaogui Yang,
  • Yu Zeng,
  • Guodong Fang

摘要

Straw return is an important soil conservation measure for enhancing soil fertility, while its impact on photochemical processes in paddy water has not been sufficiently studied. This research employed pot experiments to examine how straw incorporation influences reactive intermediates (RIs) generation, including triplet-excited dissolved organic matter (3DOM*), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH) in paddy overlying water. Compared to the CK treatment, straw amendment enhanced the RIs concentrations 3.21–157.99%. UV–Vis and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that straw application promoted the microbial transformation of large-molecular humic substances into small-molecular humic-like and fulvic-like materials. These substances are rich in quinone and carboxyl functional groups, exhibit strong photochemical activity, and facilitate the generation of photochemically induced RIs. Furthermore, straw returning significantly accelerated the degradation of butachlor (BTR), with the contribution rates of 3DOM*, 1O2, and •OH to BTR degradation at 88.01%, 15.31%, and 25.60%, respectively. This research offers new perspectives on the impacts of straw returning on paddy water photochemistry and the abiotic degradation pathways of herbicide residues.