<p>DNA damage originates among the adverse health effects associated with exposure to environmental pollutants. The monitoring of environmental genotoxicity is essential for the selection of model organisms as “sentinels” as well as for the development of sensitive and reliable tests for the assessment of DNA damage. This review focuses on biomarkers that have been described in the context of useful as a practical screening tool for genotoxicity testing in environmental vigilance. We describe the biological basis, advantages, disadvantages, and their use as biomarkers of environmental genotoxicity, such as adduct formation, flow cytometry, nuclear abnormalities, micronuclei, and the alkaline comet assay. These methods could also be useful as a practical screening tool for genotoxicity testing in environmental care; however, every day new techniques are being implemented, such as DNA breakage detection-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (DBD-FISH), and the chromatin dispersion assay, which will impact on the understanding of environmental genotoxicity. In conclusion, it is essential to examine the prospective mechanisms by which genotoxic elements may be responsible for the establishment of diseases in wild birds. This will promote conservation of bird species, principally species that are endangered and threatened.</p>