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<p>Mussels have been widely used in ecotoxicological studies due to their filter-feeding activity and sessile lifestyle, which makes them a suitable bioindicator organism. Thus, freshwater mussels (<i>Unio delicatus</i>) were exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5&#xa0;mg/L) of ZnO nanoparticles (18&#xa0;nm) for 14 days to investigate responses of biomarkers belonging to the antioxidant, osmoregulation and energy systems. Laboratory-cultured algae (<i>Chlorella vulgaris</i>) were served to mussels (approximately 250,000 algae/ml) during the experiments. Significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) accumulation of Zn occurred only in the gills. Enzymes belonging to the gill osmoregulation system did not respond to ZnO NP exposures (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, activities of antioxidant system enzymes were altered significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in the digestive glands. Levels of glucose and lipid significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decreased, resulting in a decrease in immediate energy reserves of mussels. Although ZnO nanoparticles exhibited low tissue accumulation, they affected the metabolic systems of <i>U. delicatus</i>, emphasising the potential effects of nanoparticles.</p>

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Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Antioxidant, Osmoregulation and Energy Metabolism of Freshwater Mussels (Unio delicatus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月16日

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  • Sihem Gozeoglu,
  • Esin G. Canli,
  • Mustafa Canli

摘要

Mussels have been widely used in ecotoxicological studies due to their filter-feeding activity and sessile lifestyle, which makes them a suitable bioindicator organism. Thus, freshwater mussels (Unio delicatus) were exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 mg/L) of ZnO nanoparticles (18 nm) for 14 days to investigate responses of biomarkers belonging to the antioxidant, osmoregulation and energy systems. Laboratory-cultured algae (Chlorella vulgaris) were served to mussels (approximately 250,000 algae/ml) during the experiments. Significant (p < 0.05) accumulation of Zn occurred only in the gills. Enzymes belonging to the gill osmoregulation system did not respond to ZnO NP exposures (p > 0.05). However, activities of antioxidant system enzymes were altered significantly (p < 0.05) in the digestive glands. Levels of glucose and lipid significantly (p < 0.05) decreased, resulting in a decrease in immediate energy reserves of mussels. Although ZnO nanoparticles exhibited low tissue accumulation, they affected the metabolic systems of U. delicatus, emphasising the potential effects of nanoparticles.