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<p>We quantified the acute toxicity of water-soluble fractions (WSFs) from crude oil, gasoline, diesel, lubricant oil, and two insulating mineral oils (IMOa, IMOb) to the Neotropical fish&#xa0;<i>Astyanax altiparanae</i>. Six independent static-renewal assays (110 fish each; 11 nominal WSF dilutions [0–100% <i>v/v</i>]) were performed. The calculated LC<sub>50</sub>-96&#xa0;h and LC<sub>10</sub>-96&#xa0;h were gasoline = 2.65 and 0.5%; diesel = 16.22 and 2.75%; IMOa = 17.01 and 5.35%; petroleum = 23.59 and 1.76%; lubricant = 27.65 and 11.24%; and IMOb = 53.58 and 7.84%. Gasoline was the most toxic, reflecting its high BTEX and low-molecular-weight PAH content, whereas lubricant oil and IMOb were least toxic, consistent with their dominance of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. The unexpectedly high toxicity of IMOa, comparable to diesel, is likely attributable to proprietary antioxidant additives. These baseline LC<sub>50</sub>/LC<sub>10</sub> data fill a gap for tropical freshwater species and provide reference points for subsequent sub-chronic testing and regional environmental-risk assessments. By establishing a clear toxicity hierarchy for common hydrocarbon contaminants and highlighting the overlooked role of additives, this work is crucial for developing scientific-grounded water quality guidelines tailored to protect the unique and often understudied biodiversity of neotropical freshwater ecosystems.</p>

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Comparative toxicity of water-soluble fractions of crude oil, gasoline, diesel, insulating and lubricant mineral oil to a neotropical freshwater fish

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Giorgi Dal Pont,
  • Luciana Rodrigues de Souza-Bastos,
  • Helen Sadauskas-Henrique,
  • Marco Tadeu Grassi,
  • Rafael Gallet Dolatto,
  • Antonio Ostrensky

摘要

We quantified the acute toxicity of water-soluble fractions (WSFs) from crude oil, gasoline, diesel, lubricant oil, and two insulating mineral oils (IMOa, IMOb) to the Neotropical fish Astyanax altiparanae. Six independent static-renewal assays (110 fish each; 11 nominal WSF dilutions [0–100% v/v]) were performed. The calculated LC50-96 h and LC10-96 h were gasoline = 2.65 and 0.5%; diesel = 16.22 and 2.75%; IMOa = 17.01 and 5.35%; petroleum = 23.59 and 1.76%; lubricant = 27.65 and 11.24%; and IMOb = 53.58 and 7.84%. Gasoline was the most toxic, reflecting its high BTEX and low-molecular-weight PAH content, whereas lubricant oil and IMOb were least toxic, consistent with their dominance of high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. The unexpectedly high toxicity of IMOa, comparable to diesel, is likely attributable to proprietary antioxidant additives. These baseline LC50/LC10 data fill a gap for tropical freshwater species and provide reference points for subsequent sub-chronic testing and regional environmental-risk assessments. By establishing a clear toxicity hierarchy for common hydrocarbon contaminants and highlighting the overlooked role of additives, this work is crucial for developing scientific-grounded water quality guidelines tailored to protect the unique and often understudied biodiversity of neotropical freshwater ecosystems.