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<p>The tire rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), have garnered much research attention since the latter was identified as the causative agent of urban runoff mortality syndrome in Coho Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Fewer than 10 species, all within the fish family Salmonidae, have been shown to be sensitive to 6PPDQ, while several fish and invertebrates are sensitive only to the parent compound. We evaluated the toxicity of 6PPD and 6PPDQ at nominal concentrations of up to 2400 and 94&#xa0;µg/L, respectively, to juveniles of the freshwater mussel <i>Lampsilis siliquoidea</i>. This species was added to the list of those not sensitive to 6PPDQ at concentrations below solubility limits, but water spiked with 6PPD caused mortality, potentially attributed to a hydrolysis product. Additional work would help to further evaluate potential hazards of transformation products of this ubiquitous chemical.</p>

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Acute Toxicity of 6PPDQ, 6PPD, and Other Transformation Products to a Freshwater Mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea, Barnes 1823)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月25日

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  • David J. Soucek,
  • Rebecca A. Dorman,
  • Jeffery A. Steevens,
  • Viviane Yargeau,
  • Marco Pineda,
  • Christopher D. Metcalfe,
  • Erin R. Bennett

摘要

The tire rubber antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), have garnered much research attention since the latter was identified as the causative agent of urban runoff mortality syndrome in Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Fewer than 10 species, all within the fish family Salmonidae, have been shown to be sensitive to 6PPDQ, while several fish and invertebrates are sensitive only to the parent compound. We evaluated the toxicity of 6PPD and 6PPDQ at nominal concentrations of up to 2400 and 94 µg/L, respectively, to juveniles of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea. This species was added to the list of those not sensitive to 6PPDQ at concentrations below solubility limits, but water spiked with 6PPD caused mortality, potentially attributed to a hydrolysis product. Additional work would help to further evaluate potential hazards of transformation products of this ubiquitous chemical.