<p>The Archean Val-d’Or orogenic gold vein field (Abitibi, Canada) is characterized by quartz-carbonate-tourmaline veins in which at least two temporally distinct Au deposition events are commonly recognized, including Au-Ag-Te-Bi inclusions in pyrite formed during the main quartz mineralizing event, and Au-Te-Bi-Cu-Pb minerals in late quartz ± carbonate brittle veinlets. SEM-CL imaging combined with in situ SIMS oxygen isotope of quartz in four orogenic Au deposits (Beaufor, Lac Herbin, Sigma-2, Triangle) of the Val-d’Or vein field reveal similar quartz vein generations and relative timing. In SEM-CL images, early idiomorphic oscillatory-zoned Qz1 is light grey and formed in vein open space. Qz2, dominant in volume, forms light to medium grey sub-equant grains overprinting Qz1. Later Qz3 forms irregular medium grey bands with sharp or gradual contacts with Qz1 and Qz2, indicating a second recrystallization event. Qz4, minor in volume, forms brittle thin veinlets (&lt; 400&#xa0;μm in width) and stockworks characterized by dark grey luminescence, cutting Qz1, 2 and 3. Qz4 veinlets host Au- Ag-Te-Bi-Cu-Pb minerals. In situ SIMS oxygen isotope analyses of the successive quartz types show a similar, small progressive increase of 𝛅<sup>18</sup>O<sub>quartz</sub> values, typically by ~ 1‰ between Qz1 and Qz2, and by up to 3.3‰, from Qz1 to the later quartz generations. The 𝛅<sup>18</sup>O<sub>quartz</sub> values at each deposit follow the 𝛅<sup>18</sup>O<sub>quartz</sub> regional variation recorded in previous studies, suggesting that later Qz2 and Qz3 are a product of local dissolution and reprecipitation of Qz1. The higher 𝛅<sup>18</sup>O<sub>quartz</sub> values in Qz2 and Qz3 are interpreted to result from pressure solution/dissolution of Qz1 and reprecipitation either in equilibrium with a fluid with a higher proportion of high 𝛅<sup>18</sup>O metamorphic fluids, or from a small amount of cooling. The Qz4 veinlets with Au-Ag-Te-Bi-Cu-Pb minerals result from vein-scale quartz and metal (including gold) dissolution and precipitation into brittle fractures during cooling triggered by a regional thermal event.</p>

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Quartz and gold remobilization in orogenic Au deposits of the Val-d’Or vein field (Abitibi, Canada) from quartz in situ SIMS oxygen isotope and LA-ICP-MS trace element composition

  • Bertrand Rottier,
  • Christophe Scheffer,
  • Georges Beaudoin,
  • Vincent Casanova,
  • Benoît Quesnel,
  • Cyril Chelle-Michou,
  • Crystal Laflamme,
  • Michael Herzog

摘要

The Archean Val-d’Or orogenic gold vein field (Abitibi, Canada) is characterized by quartz-carbonate-tourmaline veins in which at least two temporally distinct Au deposition events are commonly recognized, including Au-Ag-Te-Bi inclusions in pyrite formed during the main quartz mineralizing event, and Au-Te-Bi-Cu-Pb minerals in late quartz ± carbonate brittle veinlets. SEM-CL imaging combined with in situ SIMS oxygen isotope of quartz in four orogenic Au deposits (Beaufor, Lac Herbin, Sigma-2, Triangle) of the Val-d’Or vein field reveal similar quartz vein generations and relative timing. In SEM-CL images, early idiomorphic oscillatory-zoned Qz1 is light grey and formed in vein open space. Qz2, dominant in volume, forms light to medium grey sub-equant grains overprinting Qz1. Later Qz3 forms irregular medium grey bands with sharp or gradual contacts with Qz1 and Qz2, indicating a second recrystallization event. Qz4, minor in volume, forms brittle thin veinlets (< 400 μm in width) and stockworks characterized by dark grey luminescence, cutting Qz1, 2 and 3. Qz4 veinlets host Au- Ag-Te-Bi-Cu-Pb minerals. In situ SIMS oxygen isotope analyses of the successive quartz types show a similar, small progressive increase of 𝛅18Oquartz values, typically by ~ 1‰ between Qz1 and Qz2, and by up to 3.3‰, from Qz1 to the later quartz generations. The 𝛅18Oquartz values at each deposit follow the 𝛅18Oquartz regional variation recorded in previous studies, suggesting that later Qz2 and Qz3 are a product of local dissolution and reprecipitation of Qz1. The higher 𝛅18Oquartz values in Qz2 and Qz3 are interpreted to result from pressure solution/dissolution of Qz1 and reprecipitation either in equilibrium with a fluid with a higher proportion of high 𝛅18O metamorphic fluids, or from a small amount of cooling. The Qz4 veinlets with Au-Ag-Te-Bi-Cu-Pb minerals result from vein-scale quartz and metal (including gold) dissolution and precipitation into brittle fractures during cooling triggered by a regional thermal event.