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<p>Carbonatites are important sources of rare metals (e.g., REE, Nb), but are not generally considered prospective for Mo mineralization. Numerous quartz-carbonate-rich vein-type Mo-(REE) deposits and prospects of enigmatic origin extend over 200 km along an E-W belt at the southern margin of the North China Craton (S-NCC). These veins commonly contain carbonates, quartz, sulfates, K-feldspar, sulfides, REE minerals, with minor aegirine-augite and pyrochlore occurring locally. This mineral assemblage is diagnostic of carbonatite-related hydrothermal systems. These veins also show alkali metasomatism, elevated REE contents, sulfate-bearing high-salinity fluid inclusions, and mantle-like isotopic compositions consistent with a carbonatite origin. Two Mo-(REE) mineralization events at ~ 238 Ma and ~ 220 to ~ 210 Ma are recognized based on monazite U-Th-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dates acquired from representative deposits across the belt. Combined with previous geochronological data, we propose that these deposits define a Triassic carbonatite-related vein-type Mo-(REE) metallogenic belt in the S-NCC which formed during the syn-collisional to post-collisional period of the Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt. The carbonatite-related Mo mineralization formed via a synergistic interplay of three key mechanisms: (1) mantle metasomatism by Mo-rich crustal materials (subducted sediments/delaminated crust) generating fertile metallogenic mantle sources; (2) Mo dissolution and transport in mantle-derived volatile-rich carbonatitic melts and related hypersaline fluids; and (3) Mo enrichment/saturation through fractional crystallization of Mo-deficient phases (carbonates, K-feldspar, sulfates) combined with temperature and redox controlled precipitation processes.</p>

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Defining a Triassic carbonatite-related Mo-(REE) metallogenic belt along the southern margin of the North China Craton

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • Sheng-Ren Chang,
  • Xin-Fu Zhao,
  • Jian-Hui Su,
  • Shao-Rui Zhao,
  • Li-Ping Zeng,
  • Carl Spandler

摘要

Carbonatites are important sources of rare metals (e.g., REE, Nb), but are not generally considered prospective for Mo mineralization. Numerous quartz-carbonate-rich vein-type Mo-(REE) deposits and prospects of enigmatic origin extend over 200 km along an E-W belt at the southern margin of the North China Craton (S-NCC). These veins commonly contain carbonates, quartz, sulfates, K-feldspar, sulfides, REE minerals, with minor aegirine-augite and pyrochlore occurring locally. This mineral assemblage is diagnostic of carbonatite-related hydrothermal systems. These veins also show alkali metasomatism, elevated REE contents, sulfate-bearing high-salinity fluid inclusions, and mantle-like isotopic compositions consistent with a carbonatite origin. Two Mo-(REE) mineralization events at ~ 238 Ma and ~ 220 to ~ 210 Ma are recognized based on monazite U-Th-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dates acquired from representative deposits across the belt. Combined with previous geochronological data, we propose that these deposits define a Triassic carbonatite-related vein-type Mo-(REE) metallogenic belt in the S-NCC which formed during the syn-collisional to post-collisional period of the Qinling-Dabie Orogenic Belt. The carbonatite-related Mo mineralization formed via a synergistic interplay of three key mechanisms: (1) mantle metasomatism by Mo-rich crustal materials (subducted sediments/delaminated crust) generating fertile metallogenic mantle sources; (2) Mo dissolution and transport in mantle-derived volatile-rich carbonatitic melts and related hypersaline fluids; and (3) Mo enrichment/saturation through fractional crystallization of Mo-deficient phases (carbonates, K-feldspar, sulfates) combined with temperature and redox controlled precipitation processes.