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<p>Tic disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by involuntary motor and/or vocal expressions (tics). According to ICD-10 and ICD-11 classifications they are differentiated into transient (≤ 12&#xa0;months) and chronic (&gt; 12&#xa0;months) tic disorders; the diagnosis of Tourette syndrome requires the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic persisting for more than 1&#xa0;year. Typical features of tics include onset in childhood, a&#xa0;premonitory urge, at least partial suppressibility and a&#xa0;rostrocaudal distribution. Differential diagnoses include other hyperkinetic neurological disorders as well as obsessive-compulsive symptoms, stereotypes and functional tic-like behaviors, the latter often presenting with a&#xa0;late, abrupt onset and predominantly complex expressions. Behavioral therapy is considered the first-line treatment for clinically relevant tics. Pharmacological treatment includes off-label use of dopamine antagonists, such as aripiprazole. Comorbidities are common and require targeted comanagement.</p>

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Update Tic-Störungen und Tourette-Syndrom

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Juan Carlos Baldermann,
  • Selina Rolker,
  • Kathrin Nickel,
  • Katharina Domschke,
  • Dominique Endres,
  • Kirsten Müller-Vahl

摘要

Tic disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by involuntary motor and/or vocal expressions (tics). According to ICD-10 and ICD-11 classifications they are differentiated into transient (≤ 12 months) and chronic (> 12 months) tic disorders; the diagnosis of Tourette syndrome requires the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic persisting for more than 1 year. Typical features of tics include onset in childhood, a premonitory urge, at least partial suppressibility and a rostrocaudal distribution. Differential diagnoses include other hyperkinetic neurological disorders as well as obsessive-compulsive symptoms, stereotypes and functional tic-like behaviors, the latter often presenting with a late, abrupt onset and predominantly complex expressions. Behavioral therapy is considered the first-line treatment for clinically relevant tics. Pharmacological treatment includes off-label use of dopamine antagonists, such as aripiprazole. Comorbidities are common and require targeted comanagement.