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<p>The sixth largest and most varied family of flowering plants is the Euphorbiaceae, commonly referred to as the spurge family. Their defining property is the production of milky latex and specialized inflorescences (cyathia). The current study was set out to describe the taxonomic macromorphological features of leaf, stem and flower using stereomicroscopy and microanatomical features of eight Euphorbiaceous species stem micromorphology. The stem was segmented using a Microtome, and its qualitative (such as cross section outline and type) and quantitative (such as the number of vascular bundles and the layer of collenchyma) properties were assessed under a microscope. The stem micromorphological features of eight Euphorbiaceous species were investigated, including the stem morphology, the vascular bundle and epidermal cells shape, and the types of collenchyma, parenchyma, phloem, and xylem. Five different stem shapes such as round, angular, cylindrical, prostrate and circular were observed. A variety of epidermal cell shapes were seen, including rectangular or square, polygonal, polygonal and slightly elongated, irregular and rectangular to polygonal. The species <i>E. granulata</i> and <i>E. hirta</i> had the highest VBs (18–20), while <i>Croton bonplandianus</i> and <i>Ricinus communis</i> had the lowest (2). <i>Croton bonplandianus</i> had the lowest collenchyma layers (2), while <i>Jatropha curcas</i> had the highest (5). Primary and secondary xylem as well as collateral and bicollateral phloem was found in the species. The taxonomic variations in stem anatomical characters among studied Euphorbiaceae species were helpful in the correct identifications.</p>

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Stem anatomical microcharacters and morphology as diagnostic botanical markers in Euphorbiaceae species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Sehrish Rubab,
  • Salman Majeed,
  • Sumreen Dawood,
  • Muhammad Zafar,
  • Modhi O. Alotaibi,
  • Sayyara Ibadullayeva,
  • Fakhra Bibi,
  • Yusra Khan,
  • Adnan Amin

摘要

The sixth largest and most varied family of flowering plants is the Euphorbiaceae, commonly referred to as the spurge family. Their defining property is the production of milky latex and specialized inflorescences (cyathia). The current study was set out to describe the taxonomic macromorphological features of leaf, stem and flower using stereomicroscopy and microanatomical features of eight Euphorbiaceous species stem micromorphology. The stem was segmented using a Microtome, and its qualitative (such as cross section outline and type) and quantitative (such as the number of vascular bundles and the layer of collenchyma) properties were assessed under a microscope. The stem micromorphological features of eight Euphorbiaceous species were investigated, including the stem morphology, the vascular bundle and epidermal cells shape, and the types of collenchyma, parenchyma, phloem, and xylem. Five different stem shapes such as round, angular, cylindrical, prostrate and circular were observed. A variety of epidermal cell shapes were seen, including rectangular or square, polygonal, polygonal and slightly elongated, irregular and rectangular to polygonal. The species E. granulata and E. hirta had the highest VBs (18–20), while Croton bonplandianus and Ricinus communis had the lowest (2). Croton bonplandianus had the lowest collenchyma layers (2), while Jatropha curcas had the highest (5). Primary and secondary xylem as well as collateral and bicollateral phloem was found in the species. The taxonomic variations in stem anatomical characters among studied Euphorbiaceae species were helpful in the correct identifications.