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Background <p>Cardiac tumors in children and adolescents represent a&#xa0;rare but clinically challenging entity. Despite their predominantly histologically confirmed benignity, they can result in significant morbidity and mortality due to their location, size or potential hemodynamic impact. Advances in imaging modalities, including fetal and postnatal echocardiography, have led to an increased detection rate of these space-occupying masses.</p> Objectives <p>This article provides a&#xa0;comprehensive overview of the most common primary cardiac tumors in childhood, such as rhabdomyoma, fibroma, teratoma, myxoma and hemangioma as well as rarer malignant tumors and metastases. In addition to the histological and genetic associations, typical clinical presentations, differential diagnostic considerations as well as current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The aim is to promote the understanding for the approach.</p> Conclusion <p>Pediatric cardiac tumors are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions. Early diagnosis, ideally already prenatally, via echocardiography supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging and possibly genetic testing, is crucial. Treatment options range from conservative monitoring to pharmacotherapy and surgical intervention, depending on the tumor type, location and clinical symptoms. Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents have shown therapeutic potential in selected cases. Interdisciplinary care is essential to improve the individual prognosis.</p>

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Herztumoren im Kindesalter

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Michaela Höck,
  • Matthias Krainz,
  • Julia Feldscher,
  • Vanessa Vieth,
  • Andreas Hanslik,
  • Jutta Bergler-Klein,
  • Edit Bardi,
  • Doris Ehringer-Schetitska,
  • Christina Salvador,
  • Gabriele Kropshofer,
  • Susanne Sprung,
  • Johannes Nairz,
  • Roman Crazzolara,
  • Miriam Michel

摘要

Background

Cardiac tumors in children and adolescents represent a rare but clinically challenging entity. Despite their predominantly histologically confirmed benignity, they can result in significant morbidity and mortality due to their location, size or potential hemodynamic impact. Advances in imaging modalities, including fetal and postnatal echocardiography, have led to an increased detection rate of these space-occupying masses.

Objectives

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the most common primary cardiac tumors in childhood, such as rhabdomyoma, fibroma, teratoma, myxoma and hemangioma as well as rarer malignant tumors and metastases. In addition to the histological and genetic associations, typical clinical presentations, differential diagnostic considerations as well as current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The aim is to promote the understanding for the approach.

Conclusion

Pediatric cardiac tumors are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions. Early diagnosis, ideally already prenatally, via echocardiography supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging and possibly genetic testing, is crucial. Treatment options range from conservative monitoring to pharmacotherapy and surgical intervention, depending on the tumor type, location and clinical symptoms. Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents have shown therapeutic potential in selected cases. Interdisciplinary care is essential to improve the individual prognosis.