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<p>This study explores the optimal loading and processing parameters for incorporating nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) into urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin to fabricate enhanced medium density fibreboards (MDFs). Enhanced MDF panels would in turn address challenges such as moisture sensitivity, biological durability, and formaldehyde content. Nano-ZnO was added at three loadings (1%, 2%, and 3%) and sonicated for 5, 10, and 15&#xa0;min to optimize dispersion quality and evaluate the structure–property relationship. MDFs prepared with these formulations were tested for physical, mechanical, mycological properties, and formaldehyde content. Nano-ZnO loaded UF resin dispersions were characterised using SEM and XRD and showed well-dispersed formulations. Incorporation of nano-ZnO improved dimensional stability and strength, reduced fungal spread, and lowered the formaldehyde emission by up to 73%. These improvements are attributed to enhanced resin cross-linking and uniform nanoparticle dispersion, which reduced hydrophilicity and increased bonding efficiency. The 1% nano-ZnO formulation showed the highest mechanical improvement, while 3% provided the best antifungal performance. The study demonstrates that controlled sonication and optimal nano-ZnO loading can significantly enhance the performance and sustainability of MDF panels.</p>

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Properties of MDF panels prepared using UF-resin loaded with ZnO nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月8日

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  • Ritam Basu,
  • Ismita Nautiyal,
  • Diksha Bisht

摘要

This study explores the optimal loading and processing parameters for incorporating nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) into urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin to fabricate enhanced medium density fibreboards (MDFs). Enhanced MDF panels would in turn address challenges such as moisture sensitivity, biological durability, and formaldehyde content. Nano-ZnO was added at three loadings (1%, 2%, and 3%) and sonicated for 5, 10, and 15 min to optimize dispersion quality and evaluate the structure–property relationship. MDFs prepared with these formulations were tested for physical, mechanical, mycological properties, and formaldehyde content. Nano-ZnO loaded UF resin dispersions were characterised using SEM and XRD and showed well-dispersed formulations. Incorporation of nano-ZnO improved dimensional stability and strength, reduced fungal spread, and lowered the formaldehyde emission by up to 73%. These improvements are attributed to enhanced resin cross-linking and uniform nanoparticle dispersion, which reduced hydrophilicity and increased bonding efficiency. The 1% nano-ZnO formulation showed the highest mechanical improvement, while 3% provided the best antifungal performance. The study demonstrates that controlled sonication and optimal nano-ZnO loading can significantly enhance the performance and sustainability of MDF panels.