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<p>This study aimed to determine the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in two types of creosote-treated railroad ties. The pine ties were at the end of their service life and new beech ties were impregnated with a newer type of creosote. Samples were collected from the outer (within 50&#xa0;mm of one of the tie edges) and inner (the remainder) portions of railroad ties. PAHs were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve compounds out of sixteen priority PAHs were identified in pine ties, including the carcinogenic benzo-[a]-pyrene and another five that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. In contrast, only six priority PAHs were identified and determined in beech ties impregnated with less toxic creosote, none of which are classified as carcinogenic or possibly carcinogenic to humans. The composition of VOC emissions depends not only on the type of impregnating agent, but also on the type of wood. The emissions from pine wood were dominated by terpenes, while those from beech wood were dominated by PAHs. For both species, PAHs are emitted more from the surface than from the interior of the railroad ties. Although the levels of PAHs are significantly lower in the interior of the ties, their concentration exceeds the limits for waste wood with potential for recycling. For safe recycling of railroad ties, it would be necessary to reduce the level of PAHs by extraction with a suitable solvent.</p>

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Evaluation of the PAH content and VOCs emissions from waste wood from railroad ties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Eva Výbohová,
  • Tatiana Bubeníková,
  • František Kačík,
  • Iveta Čabalová,
  • Monika Aniszewska,
  • Arkadiusz Gendek

摘要

This study aimed to determine the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in two types of creosote-treated railroad ties. The pine ties were at the end of their service life and new beech ties were impregnated with a newer type of creosote. Samples were collected from the outer (within 50 mm of one of the tie edges) and inner (the remainder) portions of railroad ties. PAHs were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve compounds out of sixteen priority PAHs were identified in pine ties, including the carcinogenic benzo-[a]-pyrene and another five that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. In contrast, only six priority PAHs were identified and determined in beech ties impregnated with less toxic creosote, none of which are classified as carcinogenic or possibly carcinogenic to humans. The composition of VOC emissions depends not only on the type of impregnating agent, but also on the type of wood. The emissions from pine wood were dominated by terpenes, while those from beech wood were dominated by PAHs. For both species, PAHs are emitted more from the surface than from the interior of the railroad ties. Although the levels of PAHs are significantly lower in the interior of the ties, their concentration exceeds the limits for waste wood with potential for recycling. For safe recycling of railroad ties, it would be necessary to reduce the level of PAHs by extraction with a suitable solvent.