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<p>The use of dermal fillers has emerged over the past two decades as one of the fastest-growing interventions in aesthetic medicine. While hyaluronic acid-based fillers account for the largest market share, alternative materials such as calcium hydroxylapatite, poly-L-lactic acid, and polymethylmethacrylate-based products are gaining increasing importance. Advances in injection strategies, anatomical precision, rheological product differentiation, and safety standards have led to a&#xa0;marked improvement in clinical outcomes. However, the profile of rare but potentially severe complications—particularly vascular occlusions—remains a&#xa0;central challenge. The aim of this review is to provide a&#xa0;comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of the current literature regarding materials, mechanisms of action, anatomical risk zones, injection techniques, indications, complication management, and future developments in filler therapy.</p>

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Filler im Gesichtsbereich: Evidenzlage, anatomische Grundlagen, Materialien, Risiken, Techniken und zukünftige Entwicklungen

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Chrisanthi Karapantzou,
  • Martin Canis

摘要

The use of dermal fillers has emerged over the past two decades as one of the fastest-growing interventions in aesthetic medicine. While hyaluronic acid-based fillers account for the largest market share, alternative materials such as calcium hydroxylapatite, poly-L-lactic acid, and polymethylmethacrylate-based products are gaining increasing importance. Advances in injection strategies, anatomical precision, rheological product differentiation, and safety standards have led to a marked improvement in clinical outcomes. However, the profile of rare but potentially severe complications—particularly vascular occlusions—remains a central challenge. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of the current literature regarding materials, mechanisms of action, anatomical risk zones, injection techniques, indications, complication management, and future developments in filler therapy.