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<p>Facelift surgery has evolved from superficial skin excisions to anatomically guided reconstruction of the deep facial and cervical layers. Modern deep-plane, extended deep-plane, and deep-neck techniques address the functional superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS)–platysma unit, the retaining ligaments, and deep cervical structures. Preservation-based approaches, the crevasse technique, and recent endoscopic modalities emphasize structural integrity and natural vector repositioning. This article reviews the historical evolution of facelift, the anatomical principles, classical and contemporary techniques, and the newest modifications and emerging innovations, outlining future directions in cervicofacial rejuvenation.</p>

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Facelift – quo vadis?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Ernst Magnus Noah

摘要

Facelift surgery has evolved from superficial skin excisions to anatomically guided reconstruction of the deep facial and cervical layers. Modern deep-plane, extended deep-plane, and deep-neck techniques address the functional superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS)–platysma unit, the retaining ligaments, and deep cervical structures. Preservation-based approaches, the crevasse technique, and recent endoscopic modalities emphasize structural integrity and natural vector repositioning. This article reviews the historical evolution of facelift, the anatomical principles, classical and contemporary techniques, and the newest modifications and emerging innovations, outlining future directions in cervicofacial rejuvenation.