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<p>The use of wildlife in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remains a&#xa0;major threat to global biodiversity. Despite international regulations under CITES and national measures, demand remains high, illegal trade persists, and legal loopholes weaken enforcement. The global expansion of TCM through the Belt and Road Initiative further intensifies these challenges. Using selected species such as rhinoceroses, saiga antelopes, devil rays, as well as various big cats and fish species, this article highlights both long-standing and emerging conservation issues. A&#xa0;key concern is the shift to substitute species, which places increasing pressure on new taxa. Recent CITES decisions underline the continued role of TCM as a&#xa0;driver of international wildlife trade. At the same time, existing regulations are often undermined by weak enforcement and inconsistent legal frameworks. Reducing demand requires stricter legislation, improved enforcement, awareness-raising, and the promotion of accepted alternatives. Against this background, it becomes apparent how important cooperation between TCM practitioners and wildlife conservation organizations is.</p>

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Alte und neue Artenschutzprobleme im Kontext der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Sandra Altherr,
  • Daniela Freyer

摘要

The use of wildlife in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remains a major threat to global biodiversity. Despite international regulations under CITES and national measures, demand remains high, illegal trade persists, and legal loopholes weaken enforcement. The global expansion of TCM through the Belt and Road Initiative further intensifies these challenges. Using selected species such as rhinoceroses, saiga antelopes, devil rays, as well as various big cats and fish species, this article highlights both long-standing and emerging conservation issues. A key concern is the shift to substitute species, which places increasing pressure on new taxa. Recent CITES decisions underline the continued role of TCM as a driver of international wildlife trade. At the same time, existing regulations are often undermined by weak enforcement and inconsistent legal frameworks. Reducing demand requires stricter legislation, improved enforcement, awareness-raising, and the promotion of accepted alternatives. Against this background, it becomes apparent how important cooperation between TCM practitioners and wildlife conservation organizations is.