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<p>Despite the ecological importance of <i>Sphagnum</i> spore banks in peatland, little is known about their persistence in hummock and hollow microhabitats along elevational gradients and their interactive effects. We conducted a three-year spore burial and germination experiment using four <i>Sphagnum</i> species: <i>S. capillifolium</i>, <i>S. flexuosum</i>, <i>S. magellanicum</i> and <i>S. squarrosum</i> to determine spore germinability and longevity of <i>Sphagnum</i> species dwelling in hummock and hollow microhabitats along an elevational gradient at different times since burial. The spores were incubated at two microhabitats (hummocks and hollows) in two low-elevation (560 and 729&#xa0;m a.s.l.), two mid-elevation (900 and 1005&#xa0;m a.s.l.) and one high-elevation (1475&#xa0;m a.s.l.) peatlands in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China. We found that duration of the spore burial was the primary factor affecting <i>Sphagnum</i> spore germinability and viability. Neither germinability nor viability of <i>Sphagnum</i> spores showed clear response to microhabitat difference. The interaction between elevation and microhabitat had a stronger influence on spore viability and longevity than on germinability evidenced from greater spore longevity in hummocks at high elevations and that in hollows at low elevations. The random forest models showed precipitation being the strongest predictor of <i>Sphagnum</i> spore germinability and viability, with moist conditions associated with germination inhibition yet prolonged spore viability. The spore lifespan model suggests that mid-elevation peatlands maximize <i>Sphagnum</i> spore germinability but not longevity. We conclude that the microhabitat-dependent elevation affects the viability and germination of <i>Sphagnum</i> spores while emphasizing the critical role of hydrothermal conditions in regulating <i>Sphagnum</i> spore bank persistence in mountain peatlands.</p>

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Microhabitat-dependent elevational effect on germinability and viability of Sphagnum spores

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Jiaqi Zhang,
  • Boli Yi,
  • Shuayib Yusup,
  • Jian-Yi Wang,
  • Bei-Bei Fan,
  • Azim Mallik,
  • Zhao-Jun Bu

摘要

Despite the ecological importance of Sphagnum spore banks in peatland, little is known about their persistence in hummock and hollow microhabitats along elevational gradients and their interactive effects. We conducted a three-year spore burial and germination experiment using four Sphagnum species: S. capillifolium, S. flexuosum, S. magellanicum and S. squarrosum to determine spore germinability and longevity of Sphagnum species dwelling in hummock and hollow microhabitats along an elevational gradient at different times since burial. The spores were incubated at two microhabitats (hummocks and hollows) in two low-elevation (560 and 729 m a.s.l.), two mid-elevation (900 and 1005 m a.s.l.) and one high-elevation (1475 m a.s.l.) peatlands in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China. We found that duration of the spore burial was the primary factor affecting Sphagnum spore germinability and viability. Neither germinability nor viability of Sphagnum spores showed clear response to microhabitat difference. The interaction between elevation and microhabitat had a stronger influence on spore viability and longevity than on germinability evidenced from greater spore longevity in hummocks at high elevations and that in hollows at low elevations. The random forest models showed precipitation being the strongest predictor of Sphagnum spore germinability and viability, with moist conditions associated with germination inhibition yet prolonged spore viability. The spore lifespan model suggests that mid-elevation peatlands maximize Sphagnum spore germinability but not longevity. We conclude that the microhabitat-dependent elevation affects the viability and germination of Sphagnum spores while emphasizing the critical role of hydrothermal conditions in regulating Sphagnum spore bank persistence in mountain peatlands.