<p>In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of the normalized solutions to the following quasi-linear problem <Equation ID="Equ61"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} -\Delta u-\Delta (|u|^2)u+\lambda u=|u|^{p-2}u+\tau |u|^{q-2}u, \text { in }\mathbb {R}^N,~ 1\le N\le 4, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>τ</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>with prescribed mass <Equation ID="Equ62"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \int \limits _{\mathbb {R}^N}|u|^2{\textrm{d}}x=a , \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="false">∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </munder> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> appears as a Lagrange multiplier and the parameters <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a,\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>τ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are all positive constants. We are concerned about the mass-mixed case <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2&lt;q&lt;2+\frac{4}{N}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(4+\frac{4}{N}&lt;p&lt;2\cdot 2^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>4</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2^*:=\frac{2N}{N-2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, while <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2^*:=\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N=1,2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show the existence of normalized ground state solution and normalized solution of mountain pass type. Here we establish the existence of two normalized solution by studying two minimization problems constrained on the closed ball, different from previous ones: First, we use the weak closedness to prove that the constrained minimization problems on the closed ball are attained. Next, we show that the attainable minimizers are the solutions to the above equation, though it may not satisfy the <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> constraint condition. Then, we prove that the Lagrange multiplier <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is non-zero. Finally, using the fact that <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \ne 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we deduce that the attainable minimizers must lie on the sphere. Our results can be seen as a supplement to Mao et al. (Proc Edinb Math Soc 67(2):349–387, 2024) and Jeanjean et al. (Existence and limiting profile of energy ground states for a quasi-linear Schrödinger equations: mass super-critical case, <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.03845">arXiv:2501.03845</a> ).</p>

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Existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions for the quasi-linear Schrödinger equations with mixed nonlinearities

  • Qihan He,
  • Hao Wang

摘要

In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of the normalized solutions to the following quasi-linear problem \(\begin{aligned} -\Delta u-\Delta (|u|^2)u+\lambda u=|u|^{p-2}u+\tau |u|^{q-2}u, \text { in }\mathbb {R}^N,~ 1\le N\le 4, \end{aligned}\) - Δ u - Δ ( | u | 2 ) u + λ u = | u | p - 2 u + τ | u | q - 2 u , in R N , 1 N 4 , with prescribed mass \(\begin{aligned} \int \limits _{\mathbb {R}^N}|u|^2{\textrm{d}}x=a , \end{aligned}\) R N | u | 2 d x = a , where \(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}\) λ R appears as a Lagrange multiplier and the parameters \(a,\tau \) a , τ are all positive constants. We are concerned about the mass-mixed case \(2<q<2+\frac{4}{N}\) 2 < q < 2 + 4 N and \(4+\frac{4}{N}<p<2\cdot 2^*\) 4 + 4 N < p < 2 · 2 , where \(2^*:=\frac{2N}{N-2}\) 2 : = 2 N N - 2 for \(N\ge 3\) N 3 , while \(2^*:=\infty \) 2 : = for \(N=1,2\) N = 1 , 2 . We show the existence of normalized ground state solution and normalized solution of mountain pass type. Here we establish the existence of two normalized solution by studying two minimization problems constrained on the closed ball, different from previous ones: First, we use the weak closedness to prove that the constrained minimization problems on the closed ball are attained. Next, we show that the attainable minimizers are the solutions to the above equation, though it may not satisfy the \(L^2\) L 2 constraint condition. Then, we prove that the Lagrange multiplier \(\lambda \) λ is non-zero. Finally, using the fact that \(\lambda \ne 0\) λ 0 , we deduce that the attainable minimizers must lie on the sphere. Our results can be seen as a supplement to Mao et al. (Proc Edinb Math Soc 67(2):349–387, 2024) and Jeanjean et al. (Existence and limiting profile of energy ground states for a quasi-linear Schrödinger equations: mass super-critical case, arXiv:2501.03845 ).