<p>This work addresses the global solvability of a coupled chemotaxis-Stokes system with competitive Lotka–Volterra kinetics in a two-dimensional incompressible fluid medium. The system under study is formulated as: <Equation ID="Equ112"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_{1t}-w\cdot \nabla u_{1}=\Delta u_{1}-\chi \nabla \cdot \bigl (u_{1}\nabla v_{1}\bigl )+u_{1}\bigl (\lambda _{1}-\mu _{1}u_{1}^{r_{1}-1}+au_{2}\bigl ),&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ u_{2t}-w\cdot \nabla u_{2}=\Delta u_{2}+\xi \nabla \cdot \bigl (u_{2}\nabla v_{2}\bigl )+u_{2}\bigl (\lambda _{2}-\mu _{2}u_{2}^{r_{2}-1}-bu_{1}\bigl ),&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ v_{1t}-w\cdot \nabla v_{1}=\Delta v_{1}-v_{1}+u_{2},&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ -w\cdot \nabla v_{2}=\Delta v_{2}-v_{2}+u_{1},&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ w_{t}-\Delta w=(u_{1}+u_{2})\nabla \phi -\nabla P,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ \nabla \cdot w=0,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0\\ \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>within a smoothly bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we impose no-flux boundary conditions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(v_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(v_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and no-slip boundary conditions on <i>w</i>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\xi &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(b &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda _i &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _i &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i = 1, 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega ) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This coupled system represents the interaction between chemotaxis equations and the behavior of viscous incompressible fluids. In this study, we demonstrate the existence of a globally bounded classical solution to the associated problem under the assumptions <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_{1}&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r_{2}&gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Global existence and classical boundedness of solutions in a two-dimensional chemotaxis-Stokes system involving logistic source term

  • Cunsai Shen,
  • Liqiong Pu,
  • Jiashan Zheng

摘要

This work addresses the global solvability of a coupled chemotaxis-Stokes system with competitive Lotka–Volterra kinetics in a two-dimensional incompressible fluid medium. The system under study is formulated as: \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_{1t}-w\cdot \nabla u_{1}=\Delta u_{1}-\chi \nabla \cdot \bigl (u_{1}\nabla v_{1}\bigl )+u_{1}\bigl (\lambda _{1}-\mu _{1}u_{1}^{r_{1}-1}+au_{2}\bigl ),& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ u_{2t}-w\cdot \nabla u_{2}=\Delta u_{2}+\xi \nabla \cdot \bigl (u_{2}\nabla v_{2}\bigl )+u_{2}\bigl (\lambda _{2}-\mu _{2}u_{2}^{r_{2}-1}-bu_{1}\bigl ),& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ v_{1t}-w\cdot \nabla v_{1}=\Delta v_{1}-v_{1}+u_{2},& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ -w\cdot \nabla v_{2}=\Delta v_{2}-v_{2}+u_{1},& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ w_{t}-\Delta w=(u_{1}+u_{2})\nabla \phi -\nabla P,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ \nabla \cdot w=0,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0\\ \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) u 1 t - w · u 1 = Δ u 1 - χ · ( u 1 v 1 ) + u 1 ( λ 1 - μ 1 u 1 r 1 - 1 + a u 2 ) , x Ω , t > 0 , u 2 t - w · u 2 = Δ u 2 + ξ · ( u 2 v 2 ) + u 2 ( λ 2 - μ 2 u 2 r 2 - 1 - b u 1 ) , x Ω , t > 0 , v 1 t - w · v 1 = Δ v 1 - v 1 + u 2 , x Ω , t > 0 , - w · v 2 = Δ v 2 - v 2 + u 1 , x Ω , t > 0 , w t - Δ w = ( u 1 + u 2 ) ϕ - P , x Ω , t > 0 , · w = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 within a smoothly bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\) Ω R 2 , we impose no-flux boundary conditions on \(u_1\) u 1 , \(u_2\) u 2 , \(v_1\) v 1 , and \(v_2\) v 2 , and no-slip boundary conditions on w, where \(\chi > 0\) χ > 0 , \(\xi > 0\) ξ > 0 , \(a > 0\) a > 0 , \(b > 0\) b > 0 , \(\lambda _i > 0\) λ i > 0 , \(\mu _i > 0\) μ i > 0 for \(i = 1, 2\) i = 1 , 2 and \( \phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega ) \) ϕ W 2 , ( Ω ) . This coupled system represents the interaction between chemotaxis equations and the behavior of viscous incompressible fluids. In this study, we demonstrate the existence of a globally bounded classical solution to the associated problem under the assumptions \(r_{1}>1\) r 1 > 1 and \(r_{2}>1\) r 2 > 1 .