<p>This paper discusses the dynamic behavior of the generalized Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system in a smoothly bounded convex domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> marginally governed by <Equation ID="Equ150"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} n_{t}+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot (n{{\mathcal {S}(x,n,c)\cdot \nabla c}})+\nabla \cdot (n\nabla \phi ),&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ c_{t}+u\cdot \nabla c=\Delta c-c+n,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ u_{t}+\kappa (u\cdot \nabla )u+\nabla P=\Delta u-n\nabla \phi +n{{\mathcal {S}(x,n,c)\cdot \nabla c}},&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0,\\ \nabla \cdot u=0,&amp; \quad x\in \Omega ,t&gt;0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>wherein the gravitational potential <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {S}(x,n,c)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> represents a given tensor-valued function with saturation satisfying <Equation ID="Equ151"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} |\mathcal {S}(x,n,c)|\le C_{\mathcal {S}}(1+n)^{-\alpha }\quad \text{ with }~C_{\mathcal {S}}&gt;0~\text{ and }~\alpha &gt;0. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="1em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>with</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>It is readily apparent that for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\kappa \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>κ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and for arbitrary sufficiently nonnegative initial data <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((n_{0},c_{0},u_{0})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>c</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then the corresponding no-flux Dirichlet boundary value problem admits at least one globally weak solution provided that an appropriate modest presumption on the parameter <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> holds, namely <Equation ID="Equ152"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \alpha &gt;\frac{2}{3}. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>2</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation></p>

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Existence of global weak solution for a self-consistent Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system with tensor-valued sensitivity and signal production in three dimensions

  • Jiashan Zheng,
  • Yuying Wang

摘要

This paper discusses the dynamic behavior of the generalized Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system in a smoothly bounded convex domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{3}\) Ω R 3 marginally governed by \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} n_{t}+u\cdot \nabla n=\Delta n-\nabla \cdot (n{{\mathcal {S}(x,n,c)\cdot \nabla c}})+\nabla \cdot (n\nabla \phi ),& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ c_{t}+u\cdot \nabla c=\Delta c-c+n,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ u_{t}+\kappa (u\cdot \nabla )u+\nabla P=\Delta u-n\nabla \phi +n{{\mathcal {S}(x,n,c)\cdot \nabla c}},& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0,\\ \nabla \cdot u=0,& \quad x\in \Omega ,t>0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) n t + u · n = Δ n - · ( n S ( x , n , c ) · c ) + · ( n ϕ ) , x Ω , t > 0 , c t + u · c = Δ c - c + n , x Ω , t > 0 , u t + κ ( u · ) u + P = Δ u - n ϕ + n S ( x , n , c ) · c , x Ω , t > 0 , · u = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 , wherein the gravitational potential \(\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\) ϕ W 2 , ( Ω ) , and \(\mathcal {S}(x,n,c)\) S ( x , n , c ) represents a given tensor-valued function with saturation satisfying \(\begin{aligned} |\mathcal {S}(x,n,c)|\le C_{\mathcal {S}}(1+n)^{-\alpha }\quad \text{ with }~C_{\mathcal {S}}>0~\text{ and }~\alpha >0. \end{aligned}\) | S ( x , n , c ) | C S ( 1 + n ) - α with C S > 0 and α > 0 . It is readily apparent that for each \(\kappa \in \mathbb {R}\) κ R and for arbitrary sufficiently nonnegative initial data \((n_{0},c_{0},u_{0})\) ( n 0 , c 0 , u 0 ) , then the corresponding no-flux Dirichlet boundary value problem admits at least one globally weak solution provided that an appropriate modest presumption on the parameter \(\alpha \) α holds, namely \(\begin{aligned} \alpha >\frac{2}{3}. \end{aligned}\) α > 2 3 .