<p>This paper is concerned with a chemotaxis-Stokes system modeling coral fertilization in a spatially 3D bounded domain with smooth boundary, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="187" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S\in C^2(\bar{\Omega }\times [0,\infty )^2; \mathbb {R}^{3\times 3})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mover accent="true"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a rotation satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="208" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|S(x,n,v)|\le S_0(v)(1+n)^{-\alpha }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with some nondecreasing and nonnegative function <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="97" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>ϕ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the gravitational potential. Given some sufficiently smooth initial data and no-flux/no-flux/no-flux/Dirichlet boundary conditions, it is proved that the mild requirement <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="78" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m+\alpha &gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(m&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is sufficient to ensure the global boundedness of the corresponding initial-boundary value problem to system (<InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="9" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), which improved many known results. To our knowledge, this is the mildest condition on parameters <i>m</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="14" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>α</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> so far warranting the boundedness to the 3D version of system (<InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="33_2025_2526_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="9" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) without any smallness assumption on the initial data.</p>

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Global boundedness in a 3D chemotaxis-Stokes system modeling coral fertilization

  • Kai Gao,
  • Seong Tae Jhang,
  • Shaoguang Shi,
  • Guanglan Wang

摘要

This paper is concerned with a chemotaxis-Stokes system modeling coral fertilization in a spatially 3D bounded domain with smooth boundary, where \(m>0\) m > 0 , \(S\in C^2(\bar{\Omega }\times [0,\infty )^2; \mathbb {R}^{3\times 3})\) S C 2 ( Ω ¯ × [ 0 , ) 2 ; R 3 × 3 ) is a rotation satisfying \(|S(x,n,v)|\le S_0(v)(1+n)^{-\alpha }\) | S ( x , n , v ) | S 0 ( v ) ( 1 + n ) - α with some nondecreasing and nonnegative function \(S_0\) S 0 and \(\alpha \in \mathbb {R}\) α R , \(\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )\) ϕ W 2 , ( Ω ) is the gravitational potential. Given some sufficiently smooth initial data and no-flux/no-flux/no-flux/Dirichlet boundary conditions, it is proved that the mild requirement \(m+\alpha >1\) m + α > 1 with \(m>0\) m > 0 and \(\alpha \in \mathbb {R}\) α R is sufficient to ensure the global boundedness of the corresponding initial-boundary value problem to system ( \(*\) ), which improved many known results. To our knowledge, this is the mildest condition on parameters m and \(\alpha \) α so far warranting the boundedness to the 3D version of system ( \(*\) ) without any smallness assumption on the initial data.