<p>In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for the equation <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="90" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Delta )_1^s u=f\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>s</mi> </msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in a bounded open set with Lipschitz boundary <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, vanishing on <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^n\setminus \Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, given some <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="66" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(s\in (0,1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Contextually, we obtain that the sequence of solutions for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="90" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Delta )_p^s u=f\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mi>s</mi> </msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> convergences to a solution of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="90" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Delta )_1^s u=f\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mi>s</mi> </msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p\rightarrow 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We obtain our existence and convergence results by comparing the <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{\frac{n}{s}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mfrac> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> norm of <i>f</i> to <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="64" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((2S_{n,s})^{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="30_2025_1052_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S_{n,s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the sharp fractional Sobolev constant, or, when <i>f</i> is non-negative, a weighted version of the fractional Cheegar constant to 1, and in this case, the results are sharp. We further prove that solutions are “flat” on sets of positive Lebesgue measure.</p>

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Solutions of the fractional 1-Laplacian: existence, asymptotics and flatness results

  • Claudia Bucur

摘要

In this paper, we study the existence of solutions for the equation \((-\Delta )_1^s u=f\) ( - Δ ) 1 s u = f in a bounded open set with Lipschitz boundary \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\) Ω R n , vanishing on \(\mathbb {R}^n\setminus \Omega \) R n \ Ω , given some \(s\in (0,1)\) s ( 0 , 1 ) . Contextually, we obtain that the sequence of solutions for \((-\Delta )_p^s u=f\) ( - Δ ) p s u = f convergences to a solution of \((-\Delta )_1^s u=f\) ( - Δ ) 1 s u = f when \(p\rightarrow 1\) p 1 . We obtain our existence and convergence results by comparing the \(L^{\frac{n}{s}}\) L n s norm of f to \((2S_{n,s})^{-1}\) ( 2 S n , s ) - 1 , where \(S_{n,s}\) S n , s is the sharp fractional Sobolev constant, or, when f is non-negative, a weighted version of the fractional Cheegar constant to 1, and in this case, the results are sharp. We further prove that solutions are “flat” on sets of positive Lebesgue measure.