<p>For <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q \in (0, \infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we consider the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem to doubly nonlinear systems of the form <Equation ID="Equ56"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \partial _t \big ( |u|^{q-1}u \big ) - \operatorname {div} \big ( D_\xi f(x,u,Du) \big ) = - D_u f(x,u,Du) \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mo>div</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>ξ</mi> </msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>in a bounded noncylindrical domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E \subset \mathbb {R}^{n+1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We assume that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x \mapsto f(x,u,\xi )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>↦</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is integrable, that <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((u,\xi ) \mapsto f(x,u,\xi )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>↦</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is convex, and that <i>f</i> satisfies a <i>p</i>-coercivity condition for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p \in (1,\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. However, we do not impose any specific growth condition from above on <i>f</i>. For nondecreasing domains that merely satisfy <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {L}^{n+1}(\partial E) = 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>∂</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we prove the existence of variational solutions <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u \in C^{0}([0,T];L^{q+1}(E,\mathbb {R}^N))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> via a nonlinear version of the method of minimizing movements. Moreover, under additional assumptions on <i>E</i> and a <i>p</i>-growth condition on <i>f</i>, we show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|u|^{q-1}u\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> admits a weak time derivative in the dual <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((V^{p,0}(E))^{\prime }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(V^{p,0}(E) \subset L^p(0,T;W^{1,p}(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^N))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mi>W</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that encodes zero boundary values.</p>

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Existence of variational solutions to doubly nonlinear systems in nondecreasing domains

  • Leah Schätzler,
  • Christoph Scheven,
  • Jarkko Siltakoski,
  • Calvin Stanko

摘要

For \(q \in (0, \infty )\) q ( 0 , ) , we consider the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem to doubly nonlinear systems of the form \(\begin{aligned} \partial _t \big ( |u|^{q-1}u \big ) - \operatorname {div} \big ( D_\xi f(x,u,Du) \big ) = - D_u f(x,u,Du) \end{aligned}\) t ( | u | q - 1 u ) - div ( D ξ f ( x , u , D u ) ) = - D u f ( x , u , D u ) in a bounded noncylindrical domain \(E \subset \mathbb {R}^{n+1}\) E R n + 1 . We assume that \(x \mapsto f(x,u,\xi )\) x f ( x , u , ξ ) is integrable, that \((u,\xi ) \mapsto f(x,u,\xi )\) ( u , ξ ) f ( x , u , ξ ) is convex, and that f satisfies a p-coercivity condition for some \(p \in (1,\infty )\) p ( 1 , ) . However, we do not impose any specific growth condition from above on f. For nondecreasing domains that merely satisfy \(\mathcal {L}^{n+1}(\partial E) = 0\) L n + 1 ( E ) = 0 , we prove the existence of variational solutions \(u \in C^{0}([0,T];L^{q+1}(E,\mathbb {R}^N))\) u C 0 ( [ 0 , T ] ; L q + 1 ( E , R N ) ) via a nonlinear version of the method of minimizing movements. Moreover, under additional assumptions on E and a p-growth condition on f, we show that \(|u|^{q-1}u\) | u | q - 1 u admits a weak time derivative in the dual \((V^{p,0}(E))^{\prime }\) ( V p , 0 ( E ) ) of the subspace \(V^{p,0}(E) \subset L^p(0,T;W^{1,p}(\Omega ,\mathbb {R}^N))\) V p , 0 ( E ) L p ( 0 , T ; W 1 , p ( Ω , R N ) ) that encodes zero boundary values.