<p>This paper deals with a fully parabolic predator–prey chemotaxis model with indirect signal consumption <Equation ID="Equ51"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t = d_1\Delta u + \chi _1\nabla \cdot (u\nabla z) + \mu _1 u(1 - u - e_1 v), &amp; x \in \Omega , t&gt; 0, \\ v_t = d_2\Delta v - \chi _2\nabla \cdot (v\nabla z) + \mu _2 v(1 - v + e_2 u ), &amp; x \in \Omega , t&gt; 0, \\ w_t = \Delta w - w + u + v, &amp; x \in \Omega , t&gt; 0, \\ z_t = \Delta z - wz, &amp; x \in \Omega , t &gt; 0 \end{array}\right. } \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>z</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>w</mi> <mi>z</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded smooth domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n (n \ge 1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_1, d_2, \chi _1, \chi _2,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _1, \mu _2, e_1, e_2 &gt; 0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For spatial dimensions <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n \le 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, based on some a priori estimates and semigroup techniques, we prove that the model possesses a global bounded classical solution for all sufficiently regular initial data. Furthermore, the convergence of the solution is asserted by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals. (i) if <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( e_1, e_2 &lt; 1 \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then the global bounded classical solution (<i>u</i>,&#xa0;<i>v</i>,&#xa0;<i>w</i>,&#xa0;<i>z</i>) exponentially converges to <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( \frac{1 - e_1}{1 + e_1 e_2}, \frac{1 + e_2}{1 + e_1 e_2}, \frac{2 - e_1 + e_2}{1 + e_1 e_2}, 0 \right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; (ii) if <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( e_2&lt; 1 &lt; e_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(e_1 e_2 &lt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then the global bounded classical solution (<i>u</i>,&#xa0;<i>v</i>,&#xa0;<i>w</i>,&#xa0;<i>z</i>) exponentially converges to (0,&#xa0;1,&#xa0;1,&#xa0;0) ; (iii) if <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( e_2 &lt; 1 = e_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>e</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, then the global bounded classical solution (<i>u</i>,&#xa0;<i>v</i>,&#xa0;<i>w</i>,&#xa0;<i>z</i>) algebraically converges to (0,&#xa0;1,&#xa0;1,&#xa0;0) .</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Global Boundedness and Asymptotic Behavior in a Predator–Prey Chemotaxis Model with Indirect Signal Consumption

  • Shengmao Hu,
  • Liangying Miao

摘要

This paper deals with a fully parabolic predator–prey chemotaxis model with indirect signal consumption \( {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t = d_1\Delta u + \chi _1\nabla \cdot (u\nabla z) + \mu _1 u(1 - u - e_1 v), & x \in \Omega , t> 0, \\ v_t = d_2\Delta v - \chi _2\nabla \cdot (v\nabla z) + \mu _2 v(1 - v + e_2 u ), & x \in \Omega , t> 0, \\ w_t = \Delta w - w + u + v, & x \in \Omega , t> 0, \\ z_t = \Delta z - wz, & x \in \Omega , t > 0 \end{array}\right. } \) u t = d 1 Δ u + χ 1 · ( u z ) + μ 1 u ( 1 - u - e 1 v ) , x Ω , t > 0 , v t = d 2 Δ v - χ 2 · ( v z ) + μ 2 v ( 1 - v + e 2 u ) , x Ω , t > 0 , w t = Δ w - w + u + v , x Ω , t > 0 , z t = Δ z - w z , x Ω , t > 0 under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded smooth domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n (n \ge 1)\) Ω R n ( n 1 ) , where \(d_1, d_2, \chi _1, \chi _2,\) d 1 , d 2 , χ 1 , χ 2 , \(\mu _1, \mu _2, e_1, e_2 > 0\) μ 1 , μ 2 , e 1 , e 2 > 0 . For spatial dimensions \(n \le 3\) n 3 , based on some a priori estimates and semigroup techniques, we prove that the model possesses a global bounded classical solution for all sufficiently regular initial data. Furthermore, the convergence of the solution is asserted by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals. (i) if \( e_1, e_2 < 1 \) e 1 , e 2 < 1 , then the global bounded classical solution (uvwz) exponentially converges to \(\left( \frac{1 - e_1}{1 + e_1 e_2}, \frac{1 + e_2}{1 + e_1 e_2}, \frac{2 - e_1 + e_2}{1 + e_1 e_2}, 0 \right) \) 1 - e 1 1 + e 1 e 2 , 1 + e 2 1 + e 1 e 2 , 2 - e 1 + e 2 1 + e 1 e 2 , 0 ; (ii) if \( e_2< 1 < e_1\) e 2 < 1 < e 1 and \(e_1 e_2 <1\) e 1 e 2 < 1 , then the global bounded classical solution (uvwz) exponentially converges to (0, 1, 1, 0) ; (iii) if \( e_2 < 1 = e_1\) e 2 < 1 = e 1 , then the global bounded classical solution (uvwz) algebraically converges to (0, 1, 1, 0) .