<p>We characterize projections among positive norm-one elements in unital <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {C}^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebras in purely geometric terms determined by the norm of the underlying Banach space. Concretely, let <i>A</i> be a <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {C}^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra (or a <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {JB}^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>JB</mtext> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra) whose positive cone and unit sphere are denoted by <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({A}^+\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{S}_{A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <mi>A</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, respectively. The positive portion of the unit sphere in <i>A</i>, denoted by <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{S}_{{A}^+}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <msup> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, is the set <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({A}^+ \cap \textrm{S}_{A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mo>∩</mo> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <mi>A</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, while the unit sphere of positive norm-one elements around a subset <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathscr {S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{S}_{A^+}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <msup> <mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the set <Equation ID="Equ9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \hbox {Sph}_{_{\textrm{S}_{{A}^+}}} (\mathscr {S}) :=\Big \{ x\in \textrm{S}_{{A}^+} : \Vert x-s\Vert =1 \hbox { for all } s\in \mathscr {S} \Big \}. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Sph</mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <msup> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </msub> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" stretchy="true">{</mo> </mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <msup> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>for all</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em" stretchy="true">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>Assuming that <i>A</i> is unital, we establish that an element <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a\in \textrm{S}_{{A}^+}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <msup> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a projection if, and only if, it satisfies the double sphere property, that is, <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {Sph}_{_{\textrm{S}_{{A}^+}}} \left( \hbox {Sph}_{_{\textrm{S}_{{A}^+}}} \left( \{a\}\right) \right) = \{a\}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Sph</mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <msup> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </msub> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>Sph</mtext> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <msub> <mtext>S</mtext> <msup> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> </msub> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mrow /> </mmultiscripts> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mfenced> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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A Metric Characterization of Projections Among Positive Norm-One Elements in Unital \(\hbox {C}^*\)-Algebras

  • Antonio M. Peralta,
  • Pedro Saavedra

摘要

We characterize projections among positive norm-one elements in unital \(\hbox {C}^*\) C -algebras in purely geometric terms determined by the norm of the underlying Banach space. Concretely, let A be a \(\hbox {C}^*\) C -algebra (or a \(\hbox {JB}^*\) JB -algebra) whose positive cone and unit sphere are denoted by \({A}^+\) A + and \(\textrm{S}_{A}\) S A , respectively. The positive portion of the unit sphere in A, denoted by \(\textrm{S}_{{A}^+}\) S A + , is the set \({A}^+ \cap \textrm{S}_{A}\) A + S A , while the unit sphere of positive norm-one elements around a subset \(\mathscr {S}\) S in \(\textrm{S}_{A^+}\) S A + is the set \(\begin{aligned} \hbox {Sph}_{_{\textrm{S}_{{A}^+}}} (\mathscr {S}) :=\Big \{ x\in \textrm{S}_{{A}^+} : \Vert x-s\Vert =1 \hbox { for all } s\in \mathscr {S} \Big \}. \end{aligned}\) Sph S A + ( S ) : = { x S A + : x - s = 1 for all s S } . Assuming that A is unital, we establish that an element \(a\in \textrm{S}_{{A}^+}\) a S A + is a projection if, and only if, it satisfies the double sphere property, that is, \(\hbox {Sph}_{_{\textrm{S}_{{A}^+}}} \left( \hbox {Sph}_{_{\textrm{S}_{{A}^+}}} \left( \{a\}\right) \right) = \{a\}.\) Sph S A + Sph S A + { a } = { a } .