<p>We consider a class of bounded linear operators between Banach spaces, which we call operators with the Kato property, that includes the family of strictly singular operators between those spaces. We show that if <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T:E\rightarrow F\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a dense-range operator with that property and <i>E</i> has a separable quotient, then for each proper dense operator range <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R\subset E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> there exists a closed subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X\subset E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <i>E</i>/<i>X</i> is separable, <i>T</i>(<i>X</i>) is dense in <i>F</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R+X\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>X</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is infinite-codimensional. If <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>E</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is weak*-separable, the subspace <i>X</i> can be built so that, in addition to the former properties, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R\cap X = \{0\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>∩</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Some applications to the geometry of Banach spaces are given. In particular, we provide the next extensions of well-known results of Johnson and Plichko: if <i>X</i> and <i>Y</i> are quasicomplemented but not complemented subspaces of a Banach space <i>E</i> and <i>X</i> has a separable quotient, then <i>X</i> contains a closed subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\dim (X/X_1)= \infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>dim</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>X</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a quasicomplement of <i>Y</i>, and if <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T:E\rightarrow F\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an operator with non-closed range and <i>E</i> has a separable quotient, then there exists a weak*-closed subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Z\subset E^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mi>E</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T^*(F^*)\cap Z = \{0\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>T</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>F</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∩</mo> <mi>Z</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Some refinements of these results, in the case that <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>E</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is weak*-separable, are also given. Finally, we show that if <i>E</i> is a Banach space with a separable quotient, then <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>E</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is weak*-separable if, and only if, for every closed subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X\subset E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>X</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and every proper dense operator range <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R\subset E\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> containing <i>X</i> there exists a quasicomplement <i>Y</i> of <i>X</i> in <i>E</i> such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Y\cap R = \{0\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Y</mi> <mo>∩</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Operators with the Kato Property on Banach Spaces

  • Mar Jiménez-Sevilla,
  • Sebastián Lajara,
  • Miguel Ángel Ruiz-Risueño

摘要

We consider a class of bounded linear operators between Banach spaces, which we call operators with the Kato property, that includes the family of strictly singular operators between those spaces. We show that if \(T:E\rightarrow F\) T : E F is a dense-range operator with that property and E has a separable quotient, then for each proper dense operator range \(R\subset E\) R E there exists a closed subspace \(X\subset E\) X E such that E/X is separable, T(X) is dense in F and \(R+X\) R + X is infinite-codimensional. If \(E^*\) E is weak*-separable, the subspace X can be built so that, in addition to the former properties, \(R\cap X = \{0\}\) R X = { 0 } . Some applications to the geometry of Banach spaces are given. In particular, we provide the next extensions of well-known results of Johnson and Plichko: if X and Y are quasicomplemented but not complemented subspaces of a Banach space E and X has a separable quotient, then X contains a closed subspace \(X_1\) X 1 such that \(\dim (X/X_1)= \infty \) dim ( X / X 1 ) = and \(X_1\) X 1 is a quasicomplement of Y, and if \(T:E\rightarrow F\) T : E F is an operator with non-closed range and E has a separable quotient, then there exists a weak*-closed subspace \(Z\subset E^*\) Z E such that \(T^*(F^*)\cap Z = \{0\}\) T ( F ) Z = { 0 } . Some refinements of these results, in the case that \(E^*\) E is weak*-separable, are also given. Finally, we show that if E is a Banach space with a separable quotient, then \(E^*\) E is weak*-separable if, and only if, for every closed subspace \(X\subset E\) X E and every proper dense operator range \(R\subset E\) R E containing X there exists a quasicomplement Y of X in E such that \(Y\cap R = \{0\}\) Y R = { 0 } .