<p>In this paper, we establish several monotonicity results concerning the modified Lommel function, the modified Bessel function of the first kind, and the modified Struve function of the first kind. Specifically, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the monotonicity of the function <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="169" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x\mapsto {\mathcal {L}}_{\mu _1,\nu _1}(x)/{\mathcal {L}}_{\mu _2,\nu _2}(x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>↦</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under the assumptions <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="63" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _1 &gt; -3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="63" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu _2 &gt; -3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|\nu _1| \le \mu _1 + 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>≤</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(|\nu _2| \le \mu _2 + 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo>≤</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="28" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="272" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {L}}_{\mu ,\nu }(x) = \frac{x^{-\mu -1} 2^{1-\mu }}{ \Gamma \left( (\mu - \nu + 1)/2\right) \Gamma \left( (\mu + \nu + 1)/2\right) } t_{\mu , \nu }(x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mfenced> <mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>ν</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t_{\mu ,\nu }(x)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>t</mi> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denotes the modified Lommel function. This result fills a research gap in the earlier works by Mondal (2019) and Gaunt (2022). As corollaries, we obtain several monotonicity results for the modified Bessel and Struve functions of the first kind, including known results as well as new findings. Moreover, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the function <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="316" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(y \mapsto \int _0^y e^{-\beta x} {\mathcal {L}}_{\mu _1,\nu _1}(x) \text {d} x/\int _0^y e^{-\beta x} {\mathcal {L}}_{\mu _2,\nu _2}(x) \text {d} x\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo>↦</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>y</mi> </msubsup> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mi>y</mi> </msubsup> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">L</mi> <mrow> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> to be monotonic and establish several related properties for it, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2488_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

The Monotonicity of the Ratio of Two Modified Lommel Functions

  • Zhong-Xuan Mao,
  • Jing-Feng Tian

摘要

In this paper, we establish several monotonicity results concerning the modified Lommel function, the modified Bessel function of the first kind, and the modified Struve function of the first kind. Specifically, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the monotonicity of the function \(x\mapsto {\mathcal {L}}_{\mu _1,\nu _1}(x)/{\mathcal {L}}_{\mu _2,\nu _2}(x)\) x L μ 1 , ν 1 ( x ) / L μ 2 , ν 2 ( x ) under the assumptions \(\mu _1 > -3\) μ 1 > - 3 , \(\mu _2 > -3\) μ 2 > - 3 , \(|\nu _1| \le \mu _1 + 3\) | ν 1 | μ 1 + 3 , and \(|\nu _2| \le \mu _2 + 3\) | ν 2 | μ 2 + 3 , where \({\mathcal {L}}_{\mu ,\nu }(x) = \frac{x^{-\mu -1} 2^{1-\mu }}{ \Gamma \left( (\mu - \nu + 1)/2\right) \Gamma \left( (\mu + \nu + 1)/2\right) } t_{\mu , \nu }(x)\) L μ , ν ( x ) = x - μ - 1 2 1 - μ Γ ( μ - ν + 1 ) / 2 Γ ( μ + ν + 1 ) / 2 t μ , ν ( x ) and \(t_{\mu ,\nu }(x)\) t μ , ν ( x ) denotes the modified Lommel function. This result fills a research gap in the earlier works by Mondal (2019) and Gaunt (2022). As corollaries, we obtain several monotonicity results for the modified Bessel and Struve functions of the first kind, including known results as well as new findings. Moreover, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the function \(y \mapsto \int _0^y e^{-\beta x} {\mathcal {L}}_{\mu _1,\nu _1}(x) \text {d} x/\int _0^y e^{-\beta x} {\mathcal {L}}_{\mu _2,\nu _2}(x) \text {d} x\) y 0 y e - β x L μ 1 , ν 1 ( x ) d x / 0 y e - β x L μ 2 , ν 2 ( x ) d x to be monotonic and establish several related properties for it, where \(\beta >0\) β > 0 .