<p>Let <i>A</i> and <i>B</i> be sets of integers. For integers <i>r</i> and <i>s</i>, the sum of dilates, denoted by <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2432_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(r \cdot A + s \cdot B,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>r</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is defined as <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2432_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="174" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{ra + sb; a\in A, b\in B\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>b</mi> <mo>;</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For integers <i>m</i> and <i>n</i>, the Baumslag-Solitar group, denoted by <i>BS</i>(<i>m</i>,&#xa0;<i>n</i>), is the group generated by two elements with a single defining relation: <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2432_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="210" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(BS(m,n) = \langle a, b | a^mb=ba^n\rangle \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msup> <mi>b</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In 2014, Freiman et al. [<CitationRef CitationID="CR10">10</CitationRef>] derived direct and inverse results for sums of dilates and applied these in order to address specific direct and inverse problems within the Baumslag-Solitar group, assuming suitable small doubling properties. In 2015, Freiman et al. [<CitationRef CitationID="CR11">11</CitationRef>] proved the general problem of small doubling types for a subset of the Baumslag-Solitar group <i>BS</i>(1,&#xa0;2). In this paper, we extend these investigations to solve the analogous problem for the Baumslag-Solitar group <i>BS</i>(1,&#xa0;3).</p>

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Direct and Inverse Problems in the Baumslag-Solitar Group BS(1, 3)

  • Sandeep Singh Chahal,
  • Ramandeep Kaur

摘要

Let A and B be sets of integers. For integers r and s, the sum of dilates, denoted by \(r \cdot A + s \cdot B,\) r · A + s · B , is defined as \(\{ra + sb; a\in A, b\in B\}\) { r a + s b ; a A , b B } . For integers m and n, the Baumslag-Solitar group, denoted by BS(mn), is the group generated by two elements with a single defining relation: \(BS(m,n) = \langle a, b | a^mb=ba^n\rangle \) B S ( m , n ) = a , b | a m b = b a n . In 2014, Freiman et al. [10] derived direct and inverse results for sums of dilates and applied these in order to address specific direct and inverse problems within the Baumslag-Solitar group, assuming suitable small doubling properties. In 2015, Freiman et al. [11] proved the general problem of small doubling types for a subset of the Baumslag-Solitar group BS(1, 2). In this paper, we extend these investigations to solve the analogous problem for the Baumslag-Solitar group BS(1, 3).