<p>In this paper, we consider the following forager-exploiter system <Equation ID="Equ74"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2429_Article_Equ74.gif" Format="GIF" Height="74" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="394" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t=\Delta u-\chi \nabla \cdot (u\nabla w), &amp; x\in \Omega ,\,\,t&gt;0, \\ v_t=\Delta v-\xi \nabla \cdot (v\nabla u)+av-bv^{\beta }, &amp; x\in \Omega ,\,\,t&gt;0,\\ w_t=\Delta w-\frac{u+v}{(1+u+v)^\gamma }w-\mu w+r(x,t),&amp; x\in \Omega ,\,\,t&gt;0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>χ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>ξ</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>γ</mi> </msup> </mfrac> <mi>w</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>in a smooth bounded domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2429_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="113" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\,\,(n\ge 2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2429_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="103" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\chi ,\,\xi ,\,\gamma ,\,\mu &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>χ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>ξ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <i>r</i> is a given, non-negative function. It is shown that the initial-boundary value problem admits a unique global bounded classical solution if <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2429_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="99" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta &gt;\frac{(n+2)(1-\gamma )}{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under the condition that <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2429_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;\gamma &lt;\frac{n}{n+2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, or if <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2429_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta &gt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under the condition that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="25_2025_2429_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="59" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\gamma \ge \frac{n}{n+2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, the asymptotic behaviour can be thoroughly investigated and analysed by imposing additional hypotheses on <i>r</i>(<i>x</i>,&#xa0;<i>t</i>).</p>

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Global Boundedness and Asymptotic Stability of Solutions in a Forager-Exploiter Model with Logistic Source

  • Chun Wu

摘要

In this paper, we consider the following forager-exploiter system \(\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t=\Delta u-\chi \nabla \cdot (u\nabla w), & x\in \Omega ,\,\,t>0, \\ v_t=\Delta v-\xi \nabla \cdot (v\nabla u)+av-bv^{\beta }, & x\in \Omega ,\,\,t>0,\\ w_t=\Delta w-\frac{u+v}{(1+u+v)^\gamma }w-\mu w+r(x,t),& x\in \Omega ,\,\,t>0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}\) u t = Δ u - χ · ( u w ) , x Ω , t > 0 , v t = Δ v - ξ · ( v u ) + a v - b v β , x Ω , t > 0 , w t = Δ w - u + v ( 1 + u + v ) γ w - μ w + r ( x , t ) , x Ω , t > 0 , in a smooth bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n\,\,(n\ge 2)\) Ω R n ( n 2 ) with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions, where \(\chi ,\,\xi ,\,\gamma ,\,\mu >0\) χ , ξ , γ , μ > 0 , and r is a given, non-negative function. It is shown that the initial-boundary value problem admits a unique global bounded classical solution if \(\beta >\frac{(n+2)(1-\gamma )}{2}\) β > ( n + 2 ) ( 1 - γ ) 2 under the condition that \(0<\gamma <\frac{n}{n+2}\) 0 < γ < n n + 2 , or if \(\beta >1\) β > 1 under the condition that \(\gamma \ge \frac{n}{n+2}\) γ n n + 2 . Furthermore, the asymptotic behaviour can be thoroughly investigated and analysed by imposing additional hypotheses on r(xt).