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<p>Water quality assessment is a critical component of sustainable development and water resource management. In this study, surface water quality across the Urmia Lake Basin was evaluated using 11 hydrochemical parameters measured at 30 hydrometric stations. The Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) was calculated for each station, and spatial distribution of both individual parameters and EWQI was mapped using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. According to the EWQI results, most regions of the basin exhibited favorable water quality for drinking purposes, except the northeastern sub-region, primarily located in East Azerbaijan Province. The poorest water quality was observed at Markid station, with an EWQI value of 946, followed by Akhola station (219.67); both were classified in class 5 (extremely poor). Arzanag station, with an EWQI of 127.63, fell into class 3 (medium). Stations Nazarabad, Ejvaj, and Orian were categorized as class 2 (good), while the remaining stations were classified in class 1 (excellent), indicating high-quality drinking water across the majority of the basin. The TOPSIS multi-criteria evaluation method was also applied, and the ranking results showed a very strong consistency with the EWQI outcomes, with a correlation coefficient of 0.984. Stations with poor water quality (high EWQI) were mainly located in salt flats and non-carbonate formations, influenced by agricultural and urban land uses. Except for the northeastern part, the rest of the Urmia Lake Basin had permissible drinking water.</p>

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Evaluating Surface Water Quality Using an Entropy-Weighted Index: A Case Study on Urmia Lake Basin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Neda Jafari,
  • Yagob Dinpashoh,
  • Ahmad Fakheri-Fard

摘要

Water quality assessment is a critical component of sustainable development and water resource management. In this study, surface water quality across the Urmia Lake Basin was evaluated using 11 hydrochemical parameters measured at 30 hydrometric stations. The Entropy-Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI) was calculated for each station, and spatial distribution of both individual parameters and EWQI was mapped using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method. According to the EWQI results, most regions of the basin exhibited favorable water quality for drinking purposes, except the northeastern sub-region, primarily located in East Azerbaijan Province. The poorest water quality was observed at Markid station, with an EWQI value of 946, followed by Akhola station (219.67); both were classified in class 5 (extremely poor). Arzanag station, with an EWQI of 127.63, fell into class 3 (medium). Stations Nazarabad, Ejvaj, and Orian were categorized as class 2 (good), while the remaining stations were classified in class 1 (excellent), indicating high-quality drinking water across the majority of the basin. The TOPSIS multi-criteria evaluation method was also applied, and the ranking results showed a very strong consistency with the EWQI outcomes, with a correlation coefficient of 0.984. Stations with poor water quality (high EWQI) were mainly located in salt flats and non-carbonate formations, influenced by agricultural and urban land uses. Except for the northeastern part, the rest of the Urmia Lake Basin had permissible drinking water.