Improvement of Seismic Image Based on Coordinate Transformation and Incorporation of Anisotropy Factors in Seismic Velocity

Imaging and interpreting seismic signatures in the Goru Formation of the Bandha region in the Jaisalmer Sub-basin presents unique challenges due to its complex geological structure, characterized by significant lateral velocity variations, dipping flanks, steep reflectors, and multiple fault zones. This study introduces a novel polar coordinate-velocity based Reverse Time Migration (RTM) technique that integrates anisotropic compressional velocity with transformed circumferential and radial velocities, enabling enhanced seismic imaging in such intricate geological settings. Comparative analysis of phase-shift migration, conventional cartesian velocity-based RTM, and the proposed polar velocity-based RTM demonstrate the superiority of the polar approach, which accurately captures the spherical propagation of seismic waves, particularly in anisotropic media. The findings reveal that circumferential velocity-based RTM offers superior imaging for steep dips and complex fault zones at far angles, improving fault detection accuracy, while radial velocity-based RTM excels at near angles, enhancing overall seismic resolution. In addition, conventional cartesian RTM effectively images horst and graben structures but faces limitations in steeply dipping areas. By advancing RTM methodologies with polar velocity models, this study significantly improves imaging accuracy for hydrocarbon exploration in structurally complex, anisotropic formations.