b-value as a Seismic Precursor: The 2021 Mizoram Earthquake Mw 6.1 in the Indo-Burma Subduction Zone

This study explores the feasibility of using fluctuations in the recurrence magnitude dispersion factor (b-value) as a seismic precursor for the Mizoram earthquake that occurred on November 26, 2021, in the Indo-Burma region of northeast India. Employing a comprehensive and homogeneous earthquake catalog spanning from 1900 to 2020, the seismic analysis involved delustering and completeness testing. The research implements a sub-sectional b-value calculation method, dividing the study area into uniformly sized grid cells (2° × 2°) and performing temporal b-value mapping for each grid. The epicenter of the Mizoram earthquake was located within a grid cell characterized by an intermediate b-value. Time-series analysis of the b-value indicated a notable decline preceding the main event, suggesting its potential as a seismic precursor. The study also examines depth-dependent variations in the b-value, revealing an inverse relationship between the b-value and crustal stress. To evaluate the significance of b-value anomalies, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) statistic was employed instead of visual inspection. Additionally, the research provides probabilistic estimates of seismic hazard parameters, including the most probable maximum yearly earthquake, mean return period, and probabilities of earthquakes of varying magnitudes. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex seismotectonic framework and high lithospheric variability in the investigated region.