<p>The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes system <Equation ID="Equ57"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} u_t + (u\cdot \nabla ) u =\Delta u+\nabla P + f(x,t), \\ \nabla \cdot u=0, \end{array} \right. \qquad \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>⋆</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>is considered along with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in a smoothly bounded planar domain <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. By assuming that the initial fluid velocity <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and the external force <i>f</i> are smooth and satisfy <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Vert u_0\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega )}+\Vert {\mathcal {P}}f\Vert _{L^q( ((t-1)_+,t);L^p(\Omega ))}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">P</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation><InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \le M\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t \in (0,T)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and that (<i>u</i>,&#xa0;<i>P</i>) is a classical solution of (<InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\star \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>⋆</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) on <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \times (0,T)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, it is shown that <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Vert u\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega \times (0,T))}&lt;\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under the condition that <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p \in (1,\infty ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q \in [1,\infty ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> fulfill either <Equation ID="Equ58"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} q&gt;1 \qquad \text{ and } \qquad \frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} &lt;1, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>or <Equation ID="Equ59"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} q=1 \qquad \text{ and } \qquad p=\infty . \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>In addition, given any <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x_0 \in \Omega \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, certain smooth <i>f</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u=(u_1,u_2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are constructed which are such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Vert f\Vert _{L^q((0,T);L^p(\Omega ))}&lt;\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>;</mo> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msub> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p \in [1,\infty )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q \in (1,\infty ]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> fulfilling <Equation ID="Equ60"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q} \ge 1, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>p</mi> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>that <i>u</i> solves (<InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\star \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo>⋆</mo> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) in <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \times (0,T)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with some suitable <i>P</i>, but that <Equation ID="Equ61"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} u_1(x_0,t)\rightarrow + \infty \qquad \text{ as } t\nearrow T. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>∞</mi> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>as</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>t</mi> <mo>↗</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation></p>

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\(L^\infty \) Bounds Under Optimal Conditions on Integrability of Forces in the Two-dimensional Navier-Stokes System

  • Taiki Takeuchi,
  • Michael Winkler

摘要

The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes system \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l} u_t + (u\cdot \nabla ) u =\Delta u+\nabla P + f(x,t), \\ \nabla \cdot u=0, \end{array} \right. \qquad \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}\) u t + ( u · ) u = Δ u + P + f ( x , t ) , · u = 0 , ( ) is considered along with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in a smoothly bounded planar domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\) Ω R 2 . By assuming that the initial fluid velocity \(u_0\) u 0 and the external force f are smooth and satisfy \(\Vert u_0\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega )}+\Vert {\mathcal {P}}f\Vert _{L^q( ((t-1)_+,t);L^p(\Omega ))}\) u 0 L ( Ω ) + P f L q ( ( ( t - 1 ) + , t ) ; L p ( Ω ) ) \( \le M\) M for all \(t \in (0,T)\) t ( 0 , T ) , and that (uP) is a classical solution of ( \(\star \) ) on \(\Omega \times (0,T)\) Ω × ( 0 , T ) , it is shown that \(\Vert u\Vert _{L^{\infty }(\Omega \times (0,T))}<\infty \) u L ( Ω × ( 0 , T ) ) < under the condition that \(p \in (1,\infty ]\) p ( 1 , ] and \(q \in [1,\infty ]\) q [ 1 , ] fulfill either \(\begin{aligned} q>1 \qquad \text{ and } \qquad \frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} <1, \end{aligned}\) q > 1 and 1 p + 1 q < 1 , or \(\begin{aligned} q=1 \qquad \text{ and } \qquad p=\infty . \end{aligned}\) q = 1 and p = . In addition, given any \(x_0 \in \Omega \) x 0 Ω and \(T>0\) T > 0 , certain smooth f and \(u=(u_1,u_2)\) u = ( u 1 , u 2 ) are constructed which are such that \(\Vert f\Vert _{L^q((0,T);L^p(\Omega ))}<\infty \) f L q ( ( 0 , T ) ; L p ( Ω ) ) < for any \(p \in [1,\infty )\) p [ 1 , ) and \(q \in (1,\infty ]\) q ( 1 , ] fulfilling \(\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q} \ge 1, \end{aligned}\) 1 p + 1 q 1 , that u solves ( \(\star \) ) in \(\Omega \times (0,T)\) Ω × ( 0 , T ) with some suitable P, but that \(\begin{aligned} u_1(x_0,t)\rightarrow + \infty \qquad \text{ as } t\nearrow T. \end{aligned}\) u 1 ( x 0 , t ) + as t T .