<p>In this paper, we prove various Lie product type formulas for the logarithm. A sample result: Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a natural number, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>,..., <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X_{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <i>Y</i> Banach algebras with unit and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T:X_{1}\times \cdot \cdot \cdot \times X_{k}\rightarrow Y\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>Y</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> a continuous <i>k</i>-linear operator such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(T\left( \textbf{1},...,\textbf{1}\right) =\textbf{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( a_{n}\right) _{n\in \mathbb {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfenced> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a sequence of natural numbers with <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }a_{n}=\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Then for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( x_{1},...,x_{k}\right) \in X_{1}\times \cdot \cdot \cdot \times X_{k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mfenced> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>X</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> we have <Equation ID="Equ1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} &amp; \lim \limits _{n\rightarrow \infty }\left[ T\left( \textbf{1}+\ln \left( \textbf{1}+\frac{x_{1}}{a_{n}}\right) ,...,\textbf{1}+\ln \left( \textbf{1}+ \frac{x_{k}}{a_{n}}\right) \right) \right] ^{a_{n}} \\ &amp; \quad =e^{T\left( x_{1},\textbf{1},...,\textbf{1}\right) +T\left( \textbf{1},x_{2},\textbf{1},...,\textbf{1}\right) +\cdot \cdot \cdot +T\left( \textbf{1},...,\textbf{1},x_{k}\right) }. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="false">lim</mo> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </munder> <msup> <mfenced close="]" open="["> <mi>T</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mo>ln</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mo>ln</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mfrac> </mfenced> </mfenced> </mfenced> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </msup> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> </mfenced> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> </mfenced> <mo>+</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>·</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn mathvariant="bold">1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation></p>

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Lie product type formulas for the logarithm

  • Dumitru Popa

摘要

In this paper, we prove various Lie product type formulas for the logarithm. A sample result: Let \(k\ge 2\) k 2 be a natural number, \(X_{1}\) X 1 ,..., \(X_{k}\) X k , Y Banach algebras with unit and \(T:X_{1}\times \cdot \cdot \cdot \times X_{k}\rightarrow Y\) T : X 1 × · · · × X k Y a continuous k-linear operator such that \(T\left( \textbf{1},...,\textbf{1}\right) =\textbf{1}\) T 1 , . . . , 1 = 1 . Let \(\left( a_{n}\right) _{n\in \mathbb {N}}\) a n n N be a sequence of natural numbers with \( \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }a_{n}=\infty \) lim n a n = . Then for all \(\left( x_{1},...,x_{k}\right) \in X_{1}\times \cdot \cdot \cdot \times X_{k}\) x 1 , . . . , x k X 1 × · · · × X k we have \(\begin{aligned} & \lim \limits _{n\rightarrow \infty }\left[ T\left( \textbf{1}+\ln \left( \textbf{1}+\frac{x_{1}}{a_{n}}\right) ,...,\textbf{1}+\ln \left( \textbf{1}+ \frac{x_{k}}{a_{n}}\right) \right) \right] ^{a_{n}} \\ & \quad =e^{T\left( x_{1},\textbf{1},...,\textbf{1}\right) +T\left( \textbf{1},x_{2},\textbf{1},...,\textbf{1}\right) +\cdot \cdot \cdot +T\left( \textbf{1},...,\textbf{1},x_{k}\right) }. \end{aligned}\) lim n T 1 + ln 1 + x 1 a n , . . . , 1 + ln 1 + x k a n a n = e T x 1 , 1 , . . . , 1 + T 1 , x 2 , 1 , . . . , 1 + · · · + T 1 , . . . , 1 , x k .