<p>A <i>congruence system</i> on an algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a tuple <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\langle \theta _1,\ldots ,\theta _k,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_1,\ldots ,a_k\rangle \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="135" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta _1,\ldots ,\theta _k \in \mathop {\textrm{Con}}\textbf{A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mtext>Con</mtext> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_1,\ldots ,a_k \in A\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="119" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\langle a_i,a_j\rangle \in \theta _i \vee \theta _j\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>∨</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="119" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i,j \in \{1,\ldots ,k\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. A <i>solution</i> to such a congruence system is an element <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a \in A\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> satisfying <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\langle a,a_i\rangle \in \theta _i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="104" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i \in \{1,\ldots ,k\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. A tuple of congruences <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\langle \theta _1,\ldots , \theta _k\rangle \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is said to be a <i>Chinese Remainder tuple</i> (CR tuple for short) of <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> provided that every system <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="163" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\langle \theta _1,\ldots ,\theta _k,a_1,\ldots ,a_k\rangle \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⟨</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="107" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a_1,\ldots ,a_k \in A\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> has a solution. Since two congruences <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_891_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\theta _1,\theta _2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>θ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> form a CR tuple if and only if they permute, the property of being a CR tuple is a generalization of the notion of permutability that makes sense for more than two congruences. The main result of this article is a characterization of CR tuples for finite algebras in dual discriminator varieties. As an application, we obtain a neat characterization of CR tuples for finite distributive lattices.</p>

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Congruence systems in dual discriminator varieties

  • Miguel Campercholi,
  • Diego Castaño,
  • Gonzalo Zigarán

摘要

A congruence system on an algebra \(\textbf{A}\) A is a tuple \(\langle \theta _1,\ldots ,\theta _k,\) θ 1 , , θ k , \(a_1,\ldots ,a_k\rangle \) a 1 , , a k where \(\theta _1,\ldots ,\theta _k \in \mathop {\textrm{Con}}\textbf{A}\) θ 1 , , θ k Con A , \(a_1,\ldots ,a_k \in A\) a 1 , , a k A and \(\langle a_i,a_j\rangle \in \theta _i \vee \theta _j\) a i , a j θ i θ j for all \(i,j \in \{1,\ldots ,k\}\) i , j { 1 , , k } . A solution to such a congruence system is an element \(a \in A\) a A satisfying \(\langle a,a_i\rangle \in \theta _i\) a , a i θ i for all \(i \in \{1,\ldots ,k\}\) i { 1 , , k } . A tuple of congruences \(\langle \theta _1,\ldots , \theta _k\rangle \) θ 1 , , θ k is said to be a Chinese Remainder tuple (CR tuple for short) of \(\textbf{A}\) A provided that every system \(\langle \theta _1,\ldots ,\theta _k,a_1,\ldots ,a_k\rangle \) θ 1 , , θ k , a 1 , , a k with \(a_1,\ldots ,a_k \in A\) a 1 , , a k A has a solution. Since two congruences \(\theta _1,\theta _2\) θ 1 , θ 2 form a CR tuple if and only if they permute, the property of being a CR tuple is a generalization of the notion of permutability that makes sense for more than two congruences. The main result of this article is a characterization of CR tuples for finite algebras in dual discriminator varieties. As an application, we obtain a neat characterization of CR tuples for finite distributive lattices.