<p>We initiate the study of the poset <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_890_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of necessity operators on a boolean algebra <i>B</i>. We show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_890_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a meet-semilattice that need not be distributive. However, when <i>B</i> is complete, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_890_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is necessarily a frame, which is spatial iff <i>B</i> is atomic. In that case, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_890_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">N</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a locally Stone frame. Dual results hold for the poset <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_890_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{P}\mathcal{O}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="script">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of possibility operators. We also obtain similar results for the posets <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_890_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {TNO}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">TNO</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="12_2025_890_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {TPO}(B)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">TPO</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of tense necessity and possibility operators on <i>B</i>. Our main tool is Jónsson-Tarski duality, by which such operators correspond to continuous and interior relations on the Stone space of <i>B</i>.</p>

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On the structure of modal and tense operators on a boolean algebra

  • Guram Bezhanishvili,
  • Andre Kornell

摘要

We initiate the study of the poset \(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}(B)\) N O ( B ) of necessity operators on a boolean algebra B. We show that \(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}(B)\) N O ( B ) is a meet-semilattice that need not be distributive. However, when B is complete, \(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}(B)\) N O ( B ) is necessarily a frame, which is spatial iff B is atomic. In that case, \(\mathcal{N}\mathcal{O}(B)\) N O ( B ) is a locally Stone frame. Dual results hold for the poset \(\mathcal{P}\mathcal{O}(B)\) P O ( B ) of possibility operators. We also obtain similar results for the posets \(\mathcal {TNO}(B)\) TNO ( B ) and \(\mathcal {TPO}(B)\) TPO ( B ) of tense necessity and possibility operators on B. Our main tool is Jónsson-Tarski duality, by which such operators correspond to continuous and interior relations on the Stone space of B.