<p>In this paper we investigate the functional equation <Equation ID="Equ4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \varphi \left( \frac{x+y}{2} \right) \left( \psi _1(x) - \psi _2(y) \right) = 0 \quad \left( \hbox { for all } x \in I_1 \hbox { and } y \in I_2 \right) \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi>φ</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="1em" /> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>for all</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>y</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( I_1 , I_2 \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are open intervals of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( J = \frac{1}{2} \left( I_1 + I_2 \right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>J</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> moreover <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \psi _1: I_1 \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \psi _2: I_2 \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \varphi : J \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>φ</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>J</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are unknown functions. We describe the structure of the possible solutions assuming that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is measurable. In the case when <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \varphi \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>φ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a derivative, we give a complete characterization of the solutions. Furthermore, we present an example of a solution consisting of irregular Darboux functions. This provides the answer to an open problem proposed during the <i>59th International Symposium on Functional Equations</i>.</p>

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Measurable solutions of an alternative functional equation

  • Péter Tóth

摘要

In this paper we investigate the functional equation \(\begin{aligned} \varphi \left( \frac{x+y}{2} \right) \left( \psi _1(x) - \psi _2(y) \right) = 0 \quad \left( \hbox { for all } x \in I_1 \hbox { and } y \in I_2 \right) \end{aligned}\) φ x + y 2 ψ 1 ( x ) - ψ 2 ( y ) = 0 for all x I 1 and y I 2 where \( I_1 , I_2 \) I 1 , I 2 are open intervals of \( \mathbb {R}\) R , \( J = \frac{1}{2} \left( I_1 + I_2 \right) \) J = 1 2 I 1 + I 2 moreover \( \psi _1: I_1 \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\) ψ 1 : I 1 R , \( \psi _2: I_2 \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\) ψ 2 : I 2 R and \( \varphi : J \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\) φ : J R are unknown functions. We describe the structure of the possible solutions assuming that \( \varphi \) φ is measurable. In the case when \( \varphi \) φ is a derivative, we give a complete characterization of the solutions. Furthermore, we present an example of a solution consisting of irregular Darboux functions. This provides the answer to an open problem proposed during the 59th International Symposium on Functional Equations.