<p>The following two alternative functional equations are investigated <Equation ID="Equ38"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} [f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)-2f(y)]\times [g(x+y)+g(x-y)-2g(x)-2g(y)]=0, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>×</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>and <Equation ID="Equ39"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} [f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)]\times [g(x+y)+g(x-y)-2g(x)-2g(y)]=0, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>×</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f,g:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; assuming that in the first equation <i>f</i> and <i>g</i> are in <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^2(\mathbb {R})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and in the second one that <i>f</i> is in <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^1(\mathbb {R})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>g</i> in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^2(\mathbb {R})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, it is proved that both equations have only trivial solutions, that is for the first equation either <i>f</i> is quadratic on <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <i>g</i> is quadratic on <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; for the second equation either <i>f</i> is additive on <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <i>g</i> is quadratic on <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Regular solutions of two alternative equations

  • Gian Luigi Forti

摘要

The following two alternative functional equations are investigated \(\begin{aligned} [f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)-2f(y)]\times [g(x+y)+g(x-y)-2g(x)-2g(y)]=0, \end{aligned}\) [ f ( x + y ) + f ( x - y ) - 2 f ( x ) - 2 f ( y ) ] × [ g ( x + y ) + g ( x - y ) - 2 g ( x ) - 2 g ( y ) ] = 0 , and \(\begin{aligned} [f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)]\times [g(x+y)+g(x-y)-2g(x)-2g(y)]=0, \end{aligned}\) [ f ( x + y ) - f ( x ) - f ( y ) ] × [ g ( x + y ) + g ( x - y ) - 2 g ( x ) - 2 g ( y ) ] = 0 , where \(f,g:\mathbb {R} \rightarrow \mathbb {R}\) f , g : R R ; assuming that in the first equation f and g are in \(C^2(\mathbb {R})\) C 2 ( R ) and in the second one that f is in \(C^1(\mathbb {R})\) C 1 ( R ) and g in \(C^2(\mathbb {R})\) C 2 ( R ) , it is proved that both equations have only trivial solutions, that is for the first equation either f is quadratic on \(\mathbb {R}\) R or g is quadratic on \(\mathbb {R}\) R ; for the second equation either f is additive on \(\mathbb {R}\) R or g is quadratic on \(\mathbb {R}\) R .