<p>In this paper, we investigate the invariance of the arithmetic mean with respect to generalized quasiarithmetic means, that is, solve the functional equation <Equation ID="Equ45"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1160_Article_Equ45.gif" Format="GIF" Height="109" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="436" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} &amp; \left( \frac{f}{g}\right) ^{-1}\left( \frac{\int _0^1f(tx+(1-t)y)d\mu (t)}{\int _0^1g(tx+(1-t)y)d\mu (t)}\right) \\ &amp; \quad + \left( \frac{h}{k}\right) ^{-1}\left( \frac{\int _0^1h(tx+(1-t)y)d\nu (t)}{\int _0^1k(tx+(1-t)y)d\nu (t)}\right) =x+y,\quad x,y \in I, \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd /> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mi>f</mi> <mi>g</mi> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>g</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mfenced> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow /> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="1em" /> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mi>h</mi> <mi>k</mi> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> <mi>k</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1160_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="122" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(f,g,h,k:I\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are four continuous functions, <i>g</i>,&#xa0;<i>k</i> are positive, <i>f</i>/<i>g</i>,&#xa0;<i>h</i>/<i>k</i> are strictly monotone, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10_2025_1160_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu , \nu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are probability measures over the Borel sets of [0,&#xa0;1].</p>

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Invariance of generalized quasiarithmetic means generated by different measures

  • Yuli Fan,
  • Qian Zhang

摘要

In this paper, we investigate the invariance of the arithmetic mean with respect to generalized quasiarithmetic means, that is, solve the functional equation \(\begin{aligned} & \left( \frac{f}{g}\right) ^{-1}\left( \frac{\int _0^1f(tx+(1-t)y)d\mu (t)}{\int _0^1g(tx+(1-t)y)d\mu (t)}\right) \\ & \quad + \left( \frac{h}{k}\right) ^{-1}\left( \frac{\int _0^1h(tx+(1-t)y)d\nu (t)}{\int _0^1k(tx+(1-t)y)d\nu (t)}\right) =x+y,\quad x,y \in I, \end{aligned}\) f g - 1 0 1 f ( t x + ( 1 - t ) y ) d μ ( t ) 0 1 g ( t x + ( 1 - t ) y ) d μ ( t ) + h k - 1 0 1 h ( t x + ( 1 - t ) y ) d ν ( t ) 0 1 k ( t x + ( 1 - t ) y ) d ν ( t ) = x + y , x , y I , where \(f,g,h,k:I\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}\) f , g , h , k : I R are four continuous functions, gk are positive, f/gh/k are strictly monotone, and \(\mu , \nu \) μ , ν are probability measures over the Borel sets of [0, 1].