<p>In this paper, we focus on the existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions for a Schrödinger equation with van der Waals type potentials: <Equation ID="Equ45"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned}\left\{ \begin{array}{llc} \left. \begin{array}{llc} \displaystyle -\Delta u=\lambda u+\mu (I_\alpha *|u|^p)|u|^{p-2}u+(I_\beta *|u|^q)|u|^{q-2}u,~~~~x\in \mathbb {R}^N,\\ \displaystyle u\in H^1(\mathbb {R}^N),~~~\int _{\mathbb {R}^N}|u|^2dx=a&gt;0,\\ \end{array}\right. \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mfenced> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mi>H</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\ge 3\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu &lt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{N+\alpha +2}{N}&lt; p&lt;q&lt;2_\beta ^*=(N+\beta )/(N-2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <msubsup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;\beta&lt;\alpha &lt;N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_\alpha \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>α</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_\beta \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>β</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are the Riesz potentials. We deal with the case, where the associated functional is not bounded below on the <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-unit sphere and obtain that the Schrödinger equation has normalized ground states, which are also mountain-pass type solutions using Pohožaev constraint and mountain pass theorem. In addition, we apply some properties of cohomological index to prove the problem has infinitely many radial solutions. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N=4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\ge 6\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the problem has infinitely many non-radial solutions.</p>

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Normalized Solutions for a Schrödinger Equation with Competing Type van der Waals Type Potentials: Existence, Limiting Behavior and Multiplicity

  • Zhewen Chen,
  • Muzi Li

摘要

In this paper, we focus on the existence and multiplicity of normalized solutions for a Schrödinger equation with van der Waals type potentials: \(\begin{aligned}\left\{ \begin{array}{llc} \left. \begin{array}{llc} \displaystyle -\Delta u=\lambda u+\mu (I_\alpha *|u|^p)|u|^{p-2}u+(I_\beta *|u|^q)|u|^{q-2}u,~~~~x\in \mathbb {R}^N,\\ \displaystyle u\in H^1(\mathbb {R}^N),~~~\int _{\mathbb {R}^N}|u|^2dx=a>0,\\ \end{array}\right. \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\) - Δ u = λ u + μ ( I α | u | p ) | u | p - 2 u + ( I β | u | q ) | u | q - 2 u , x R N , u H 1 ( R N ) , R N | u | 2 d x = a > 0 , where \(N\ge 3\) N 3 , \(\mu <0\) μ < 0 , \(\frac{N+\alpha +2}{N}< p<q<2_\beta ^*=(N+\beta )/(N-2)\) N + α + 2 N < p < q < 2 β = ( N + β ) / ( N - 2 ) , \(0<\beta<\alpha <N\) 0 < β < α < N , \(I_\alpha \) I α and \(I_\beta \) I β are the Riesz potentials. We deal with the case, where the associated functional is not bounded below on the \(L^2\) L 2 -unit sphere and obtain that the Schrödinger equation has normalized ground states, which are also mountain-pass type solutions using Pohožaev constraint and mountain pass theorem. In addition, we apply some properties of cohomological index to prove the problem has infinitely many radial solutions. For \(N=4\) N = 4 or \(N\ge 6\) N 6 , the problem has infinitely many non-radial solutions.