<p>In this article, an efficient scheme is developed for numerically solving singularly perturbed Volterra-–Fredholm integro-differential equations. The approach incorporates an upwind discretization for the derivative term and employs a quadrature technique for the integral components. To effectively manage the boundary layer, both the Shishkin mesh and the Bakhvalov–-Shishkin mesh are used. A detailed comparison between these two meshes is carried out, showing that the Bakhvalov-–Shishkin mesh provides improved accuracy while the Shishkin mesh offers simpler implementation. Stability analysis confirms that the method achieves first-order convergence in the discrete maximum norm. Furthermore, the accuracy is improved to second order through a post-processing refinement. Several numerical experiments are presented to support the theoretical predictions, and the results in the tables underscore the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method for solving these equations.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

A High-Accuracy Fitted Mesh Scheme for Singularly Perturbed Volterra–Fredholm Integral Equations

  • Ajaya Padhan,
  • Abhilipsa Panda,
  • Jugal Mohapatra

摘要

In this article, an efficient scheme is developed for numerically solving singularly perturbed Volterra-–Fredholm integro-differential equations. The approach incorporates an upwind discretization for the derivative term and employs a quadrature technique for the integral components. To effectively manage the boundary layer, both the Shishkin mesh and the Bakhvalov–-Shishkin mesh are used. A detailed comparison between these two meshes is carried out, showing that the Bakhvalov-–Shishkin mesh provides improved accuracy while the Shishkin mesh offers simpler implementation. Stability analysis confirms that the method achieves first-order convergence in the discrete maximum norm. Furthermore, the accuracy is improved to second order through a post-processing refinement. Several numerical experiments are presented to support the theoretical predictions, and the results in the tables underscore the efficiency and reliability of the proposed method for solving these equations.