<p>In this paper, we provide a framework which enables us to abstract and extend various Baer, quasi-Baer, Rickart, and p.q.-Baer conditions (i.e., Baer annihilator conditions) for modules. In particular, this framework allows us to generalize the theory of Baer annihilator conditions for right <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-modules of T.K. Lee and Y. Zhou and the theory of Baer annihilator conditions for <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\textbf{H}, {\varvec{R}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-bimodules of G. Lee, S.T. Rizvi, and C.S. Roman where <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="121" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{H}= {\varvec{End}}({\varvec{M}}_{\varvec{R}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">End</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">M</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <i>M</i> is a right <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varvec{R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-module. To encompass the theory of Baer annihilator conditions for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\textbf{H}, \varvec{R})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-bimodules of Lee, Rizvi, and Roman, we consider Baer annihilator conditions for <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{(S, R)}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">S</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold">,</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-bimodules where <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varvec{S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">S</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> may not be <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{H}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. One of the major pioneering results of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\textbf{H}, {\varvec{R}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-bimodule theory by Rizvi and Roman was to obtain a module analogue of the Chatters–Khuri Theorem which links the Baer condition and the extending condition for rings. Our theory generalizes the Rizvi–Roman result to <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{(S, R)}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">S</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold">,</mo> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">R</mi> <mo mathvariant="bold" stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-bimodules where <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{S}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">S</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is not restricted to being <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textbf{H}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="bold">H</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Among other results, we investigate conditions on <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{S}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">S</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or a left <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{S}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">S</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-module, <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2973_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\varvec{M}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="bold-italic">M</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, such that either one or both satisfy a Baer annihilator condition. Examples are provided to illustrate and delimit our results.</p>

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Baer and Extending Conditions on Modules and Bimodules

  • Yeliz Kara,
  • Gary F. Birkenmeier

摘要

In this paper, we provide a framework which enables us to abstract and extend various Baer, quasi-Baer, Rickart, and p.q.-Baer conditions (i.e., Baer annihilator conditions) for modules. In particular, this framework allows us to generalize the theory of Baer annihilator conditions for right \({\varvec{R}}\) R -modules of T.K. Lee and Y. Zhou and the theory of Baer annihilator conditions for \((\textbf{H}, {\varvec{R}})\) ( H , R ) -bimodules of G. Lee, S.T. Rizvi, and C.S. Roman where \(\textbf{H}= {\varvec{End}}({\varvec{M}}_{\varvec{R}})\) H = End ( M R ) and M is a right \(\varvec{R}\) R -module. To encompass the theory of Baer annihilator conditions for \((\textbf{H}, \varvec{R})\) ( H , R ) -bimodules of Lee, Rizvi, and Roman, we consider Baer annihilator conditions for \({\varvec{(S, R)}}\) ( S , R ) -bimodules where \(\varvec{S}\) S may not be \(\textbf{H}\) H . One of the major pioneering results of the \((\textbf{H}, {\varvec{R}})\) ( H , R ) -bimodule theory by Rizvi and Roman was to obtain a module analogue of the Chatters–Khuri Theorem which links the Baer condition and the extending condition for rings. Our theory generalizes the Rizvi–Roman result to \({\varvec{(S, R)}}\) ( S , R ) -bimodules where \({\varvec{S}}\) S is not restricted to being \(\textbf{H}\) H . Among other results, we investigate conditions on \({\varvec{S}}\) S or a left \({\varvec{S}}\) S -module, \({\varvec{M}}\) M , such that either one or both satisfy a Baer annihilator condition. Examples are provided to illustrate and delimit our results.