<p>In this paper, we study the existence of normalized solutions for nonautonomous Kirchhoff equation involving Sobolev critical exponent <Equation ID="Equ39"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_Equ39.gif" Format="GIF" Height="44" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="459" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\left( a+b\int _{\mathbb {R}^{3}}|\nabla u|^2\textrm{d}x\right) \Delta u=\lambda u+h(x)|u|^{q-2}u+|u|^4u&amp; \text{ in }\ \mathbb {R}^3, \\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^3}|u|^2dx=c,\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mtext>d</mtext> <mi>x</mi> </mfenced> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msup> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mspace width="4pt" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2&lt;q&lt;6\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(a,b,c&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="102" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h\in C(\mathbb {R}^{3},\mathbb {R}^+)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="76" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2&lt;q&lt;\frac{10}{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>10</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we establish the existence of an interior local minimizer of constraint functional provided that <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="225" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h(x)\ge h_{\infty }=\lim _{|x|\rightarrow \infty }h(x)&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≥</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo movablelimits="true">lim</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and prove that this minimizer is a normalized ground state if <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(c&gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is small. Moreover, we found an interesting result that if appropriate conditions are applied to ensure that the Pohozaev manifold is a natural constraint, then the corresponding minimization problem can only be achieved when <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h=h_\infty &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msub> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="76" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{14}{3}\le q&lt;6\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mn>14</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we can prove the minimization problem is achieved and the minimizer is a normalized ground state. This result allows <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(h\not =const\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mo>≠</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, which is different from the case of <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="9_2025_2857_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="76" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2&lt;q&lt;\frac{10}{3}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mfrac> <mn>10</mn> <mn>3</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Furthermore, some asymptotic properties are established.</p>

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Normalized Ground States for Nonautonomous Kirchhoff Equations with Sobolev Critical Exponent

  • Chen Yang,
  • Chun-Lei Tang

摘要

In this paper, we study the existence of normalized solutions for nonautonomous Kirchhoff equation involving Sobolev critical exponent \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\left( a+b\int _{\mathbb {R}^{3}}|\nabla u|^2\textrm{d}x\right) \Delta u=\lambda u+h(x)|u|^{q-2}u+|u|^4u& \text{ in }\ \mathbb {R}^3, \\ \int _{\mathbb {R}^3}|u|^2dx=c,\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}\) - a + b R 3 | u | 2 d x Δ u = λ u + h ( x ) | u | q - 2 u + | u | 4 u in R 3 , R 3 | u | 2 d x = c , where \(2<q<6\) 2 < q < 6 , \(a,b,c>0\) a , b , c > 0 , \(\lambda \in \mathbb {R}\) λ R and \(h\in C(\mathbb {R}^{3},\mathbb {R}^+)\) h C ( R 3 , R + ) . For \(2<q<\frac{10}{3}\) 2 < q < 10 3 , we establish the existence of an interior local minimizer of constraint functional provided that \(h(x)\ge h_{\infty }=\lim _{|x|\rightarrow \infty }h(x)>0\) h ( x ) h = lim | x | h ( x ) > 0 and prove that this minimizer is a normalized ground state if \(c>0\) c > 0 is small. Moreover, we found an interesting result that if appropriate conditions are applied to ensure that the Pohozaev manifold is a natural constraint, then the corresponding minimization problem can only be achieved when \(h=h_\infty >0\) h = h > 0 . For \(\frac{14}{3}\le q<6\) 14 3 q < 6 , we can prove the minimization problem is achieved and the minimizer is a normalized ground state. This result allows \(h\not =const\) h c o n s t , which is different from the case of \(2<q<\frac{10}{3}\) 2 < q < 10 3 . Furthermore, some asymptotic properties are established.