<p>This article uses Clifford algebra of positive definite signature to derive octonions and the Lie exceptional algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{G2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>G2</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> from calibrations using <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathrm{Pin(7)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Pin</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This is simpler than the usual exterior algebra derivation and uncovers a subalgebra of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathrm{Spin(}7)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Spin</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> </mrow> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> that enables <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{G2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>G2</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and an invertible element used to classify six new power-associative algebras, which are found to be related to the symmetries of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{G2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>G2</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in a way that breaks the symmetry of octonions. The 4-form calibration terms of <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathrm{Spin(7)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Spin</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are related to an ideal with three idempotents and provides a direct construction of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{G2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>G2</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for each of the 480 representations of the octonions. Clifford algebra thus provides a new construction of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{G2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mtext>G2</mtext> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> without using the Lie bracket. A calibration in 15 dimensions is shown to generate the sedenions and to include one of the power-associative algebras, a result previously found by Cawagas.</p>

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Construction of Exceptional Lie Algebra G2 and Non-associative Algebras Using Clifford Algebra

  • G. P. Wilmot

摘要

This article uses Clifford algebra of positive definite signature to derive octonions and the Lie exceptional algebra \(\textrm{G2}\) G2 from calibrations using \(\mathrm{Pin(7)}\) Pin ( 7 ) . This is simpler than the usual exterior algebra derivation and uncovers a subalgebra of \(\mathrm{Spin(}7)\) Spin ( 7 ) that enables \(\textrm{G2}\) G2 and an invertible element used to classify six new power-associative algebras, which are found to be related to the symmetries of \(\textrm{G2}\) G2 in a way that breaks the symmetry of octonions. The 4-form calibration terms of \(\mathrm{Spin(7)}\) Spin ( 7 ) are related to an ideal with three idempotents and provides a direct construction of \(\textrm{G2}\) G2 for each of the 480 representations of the octonions. Clifford algebra thus provides a new construction of \(\textrm{G2}\) G2 without using the Lie bracket. A calibration in 15 dimensions is shown to generate the sedenions and to include one of the power-associative algebras, a result previously found by Cawagas.