<p>In this paper, starting from recently known scaled hypercomplexes <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {H}}_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">H</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we define scaled hyperbolics <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {D}}_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for scales <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\in {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In particular, the <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( -1\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-scaled hyperbolics <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {D}}_{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is isomorphic to the complex field <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {C}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the 0-scaled hyperbolics <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {D}}_{0}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is isomorphic to the dual numbers <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\textbf{D}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="bold">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the 1-scaled hyperbolics <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {D}}_{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is isomorphic to the classical hyperbolic numbers <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {D}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">D</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For any fixed <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\in {\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, initiated from the <i>t</i>-scaled hyperbolics <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {D}}_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we construct the <i>t</i>-scaled-hyperbolic Clifford algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="90" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {C}}_{t}=\underrightarrow{\textrm{lim}}{\mathscr {C}}_{t,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <munder accentunder="true"> <mtext>lim</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> </munder> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {C}}_{t,n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are the <i>n</i>-th <i>t</i>-scaled-hyperbolic Clifford algebras for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="92" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\in {\mathbb {N}}\cup \left\{ 0\right\} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> <mo>∪</mo> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mn>0</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="59" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {C}}_{t,0}={\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="66" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {C}}_{t,1}={\mathbb {D}}_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">D</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, just like the classical Clifford algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq18"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {C}}={\mathscr {C}}_{-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. To analyze this <InlineEquation ID="IEq19"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq19.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {R}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq20"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq20.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {C}}_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we establish an operator algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq21"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {M}}_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (over <InlineEquation ID="IEq22"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {C}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, as usual), containing <InlineEquation ID="IEq23"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq20.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {C}}_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and then construct a free-probabilistic structure <InlineEquation ID="IEq24"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq24.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="57" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( {\mathscr {M}}_{t},\tau _{t}\right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>τ</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. From the operator theory, operator algebra and free probability on <InlineEquation ID="IEq25"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq21.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {M}}_{t}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">M</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we apply these analysis for studying <InlineEquation ID="IEq26"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1393_Article_IEq26.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathscr {C}}_{t}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mi>t</mi> </msub> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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Scaled-Hyperbolic Clifford Algebras

  • Ilwoo Cho

摘要

In this paper, starting from recently known scaled hypercomplexes \({\mathbb {H}}_{t}\) H t , we define scaled hyperbolics \({\mathbb {D}}_{t}\) D t for scales \(t\in {\mathbb {R}}\) t R . In particular, the \(\left( -1\right) \) - 1 -scaled hyperbolics \({\mathbb {D}}_{-1}\) D - 1 is isomorphic to the complex field \({\mathbb {C}}\) C , the 0-scaled hyperbolics \({\mathbb {D}}_{0}\) D 0 is isomorphic to the dual numbers \({\textbf{D}}\) D , and the 1-scaled hyperbolics \({\mathbb {D}}_{1}\) D 1 is isomorphic to the classical hyperbolic numbers \({\mathcal {D}}\) D . For any fixed \(t\in {\mathbb {R}}\) t R , initiated from the t-scaled hyperbolics \({\mathbb {D}}_{t}\) D t , we construct the t-scaled-hyperbolic Clifford algebra \({\mathscr {C}}_{t}=\underrightarrow{\textrm{lim}}{\mathscr {C}}_{t,n}\) C t = lim C t , n , where \({\mathscr {C}}_{t,n}\) C t , n are the n-th t-scaled-hyperbolic Clifford algebras for all \(n\in {\mathbb {N}}\cup \left\{ 0\right\} \) n N 0 , with \({\mathscr {C}}_{t,0}={\mathbb {R}}\) C t , 0 = R and \({\mathscr {C}}_{t,1}={\mathbb {D}}_{t}\) C t , 1 = D t , just like the classical Clifford algebra \({\mathscr {C}}={\mathscr {C}}_{-1}\) C = C - 1 . To analyze this \({\mathbb {R}}\) R -algebra \({\mathscr {C}}_{t}\) C t , we establish an operator algebra \({\mathscr {M}}_{t}\) M t (over \({\mathbb {C}}\) C , as usual), containing \({\mathscr {C}}_{t}\) C t , and then construct a free-probabilistic structure \(\left( {\mathscr {M}}_{t},\tau _{t}\right) \) M t , τ t . From the operator theory, operator algebra and free probability on \({\mathscr {M}}_{t}\) M t , we apply these analysis for studying \({\mathscr {C}}_{t}.\) C t .