<p>In this article we study some algebraic aspects of multicomplex numbers <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1373_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {M}}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">M</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. For <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1373_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> a canonical representation is defined in terms of the multiplication of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1373_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> idempotent elements. This representation facilitates computations in this algebra and makes it possible to introduce a generalized conjugacy <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1373_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda _n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, i.e. a composition of the <i>n</i> multicomplex conjugates <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1373_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="102" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Lambda _n:=\dagger _1\cdots \dagger _n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>†</mo> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>⋯</mo> <msub> <mo>†</mo> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, as well as a multicomplex norm. The ideals of the ring of multicomplex numbers are then studied in details, free <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="6_2025_1373_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {M}}_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">M</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-modules and their linear operators are considered and, finally, we develop Hilbert spaces on the multicomplex algebra.</p>

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Multicomplex Ideals, Modules and Hilbert Spaces

  • Derek Courchesne,
  • Sébastien Tremblay

摘要

In this article we study some algebraic aspects of multicomplex numbers \({\mathbb {M}}_n\) M n . For \(n\ge 2\) n 2 a canonical representation is defined in terms of the multiplication of \(n-1\) n - 1 idempotent elements. This representation facilitates computations in this algebra and makes it possible to introduce a generalized conjugacy \(\Lambda _n\) Λ n , i.e. a composition of the n multicomplex conjugates \(\Lambda _n:=\dagger _1\cdots \dagger _n\) Λ n : = 1 n , as well as a multicomplex norm. The ideals of the ring of multicomplex numbers are then studied in details, free \({\mathbb {M}}_n\) M n -modules and their linear operators are considered and, finally, we develop Hilbert spaces on the multicomplex algebra.