<p>The design of eave curves in traditional Chinese and East Asian architecture has historically relied on craftsmen’s intuition, lacking systematic mathematical modeling. This study applies the ‘CAD curve formula,’ developed by Prof. Kazuyoshi Fumoto and validated in Japanese architecture, to analyze 70 eave curves from 50 well-preserved imperial Ming and Qing buildings in northern China. Using orthographic projection and fitting squares, the study assesses the formula’s accuracy and applicability to Imperial Chinese architecture. The results demonstrate high fitting precision and stability, confirming the formula’s cross-cultural adaptability. Parameter analysis further reveals how architectural categories, structural scales, eave configurations, and historical periods influence the geometric characteristics of eave curves in Chinese architecture. This study provides a scientific, quantitative method for modeling eave curves in traditional architecture, offering value for heritage restoration and digital reconstruction. Given the close architectural links across East Asia, the method shows strong potential for broader application.</p>

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Quantitative Analysis of Eave Curves in Imperial Chinese Architecture Through the Cross-cultural Application of the Japanese CAD Curve Formula

  • Changzhe Zhao

摘要

The design of eave curves in traditional Chinese and East Asian architecture has historically relied on craftsmen’s intuition, lacking systematic mathematical modeling. This study applies the ‘CAD curve formula,’ developed by Prof. Kazuyoshi Fumoto and validated in Japanese architecture, to analyze 70 eave curves from 50 well-preserved imperial Ming and Qing buildings in northern China. Using orthographic projection and fitting squares, the study assesses the formula’s accuracy and applicability to Imperial Chinese architecture. The results demonstrate high fitting precision and stability, confirming the formula’s cross-cultural adaptability. Parameter analysis further reveals how architectural categories, structural scales, eave configurations, and historical periods influence the geometric characteristics of eave curves in Chinese architecture. This study provides a scientific, quantitative method for modeling eave curves in traditional architecture, offering value for heritage restoration and digital reconstruction. Given the close architectural links across East Asia, the method shows strong potential for broader application.