Numerical Symbolism in Ottoman Architecture: a Unit-Circle-Based Geometric Proportion System in 16th-Century Mosques
摘要
This study examines the geometric proportion systems employed in 16th-century Ottoman mosque architecture, with particular emphasis on dome design principles. It identifies a consistent methodology based on a unit circle—specifically, one with a 19-zira diameter—that serves as the foundational element for determining dome dimensions and spatial configuration. In addition to the unit circle, the golden triangle is employed as a scaling tool for determining dome height. The analysis highlights the critical role of these geometric principles in establishing both the size and height of the domes across the twenty structures under investigation. A holistic geometric pattern is proposed for generating the required varying dome dimensions, with its consistency examined across the studied structures. This research offers a testable geometric framework, addresses historiographic gaps, and suggests future research into modular grids and symbolic meanings.