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<p>By introducing arbitrary parameters in the usual Fronsdal model, we find a region in the parameters space away from the “Fronsdal point” where we still have an irreducible description of massless particles of arbitrary integer spin <i>s</i> ≥ 3. The higher spin gauge symmetry is further constrained by a vanishing double divergence condition on the traceless gauge parameter: <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_27418_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="80" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\partial \cdot \partial \cdot \stackrel{\text{-}}{\Lambda}=0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Remarkably, it does not introduce extra propagating gauge invariants. We demonstrate that we only have spin-<i>s</i> helicity states as propagating modes for arbitrary integer <i>s</i> ≥ 3. For the simplest <i>s</i> = 3 case we present a gauge invariant proof while for <i>s</i> ≥ 4 we use a light-cone gauge. The reduction in the gauge symmetry allows for more general source couplings when compared to the Fronsdal model.</p>

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A partially broken Fronsdal model for massless higher-spin particles of integer spin

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • D. Dalmazi,
  • B. dos S. Martins

摘要

By introducing arbitrary parameters in the usual Fronsdal model, we find a region in the parameters space away from the “Fronsdal point” where we still have an irreducible description of massless particles of arbitrary integer spin s ≥ 3. The higher spin gauge symmetry is further constrained by a vanishing double divergence condition on the traceless gauge parameter: \(\partial \cdot \partial \cdot \stackrel{\text{-}}{\Lambda}=0\) . Remarkably, it does not introduce extra propagating gauge invariants. We demonstrate that we only have spin-s helicity states as propagating modes for arbitrary integer s ≥ 3. For the simplest s = 3 case we present a gauge invariant proof while for s ≥ 4 we use a light-cone gauge. The reduction in the gauge symmetry allows for more general source couplings when compared to the Fronsdal model.