<p>We derive a universal formula for the overlaps between integrable matrix product states (MPS) and Bethe eigenstates in <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_27328_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">gl</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathfrak{gl}}_N \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> symmetric spin chains. This formula expresses the normalized overlap as a product of a MPS-independent Gaudin-determinant ratio and a MPS-dependent scalar factor constructed from eigenvalues of commuting operators, defined via the <i>K</i>-matrix associated with the MPS. Our proof is fully representation-independent and relies solely on algebraic Bethe Ansatz techniques and the <i>KT</i>-relation. We also propose a generalization of the overlap formula to <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_27328_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">so</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathfrak{so}}_N \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_27328_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msub> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">sp</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\mathfrak{sp}}_N \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> spin chains, supported by algebra embeddings and low-rank isomorphisms. These results significantly broaden the class of integrable initial states for which exact overlap formulas are available, with implications for quantum quenches and defect CFTs.</p>

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Derivations for the MPS overlap formulas of rational spin chains

  • Tamas Gombor

摘要

We derive a universal formula for the overlaps between integrable matrix product states (MPS) and Bethe eigenstates in gl N \( {\mathfrak{gl}}_N \) symmetric spin chains. This formula expresses the normalized overlap as a product of a MPS-independent Gaudin-determinant ratio and a MPS-dependent scalar factor constructed from eigenvalues of commuting operators, defined via the K-matrix associated with the MPS. Our proof is fully representation-independent and relies solely on algebraic Bethe Ansatz techniques and the KT-relation. We also propose a generalization of the overlap formula to so N \( {\mathfrak{so}}_N \) and sp N \( {\mathfrak{sp}}_N \) spin chains, supported by algebra embeddings and low-rank isomorphisms. These results significantly broaden the class of integrable initial states for which exact overlap formulas are available, with implications for quantum quenches and defect CFTs.