<p>String field theories exhibit exponential suppression of interactions among the component fields at high energies due to infinite-derivative factors such as <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13130_2025_27199_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="inline"> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>□</mo> <mo>/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {e}^{\ell^2\square /2} \)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the vertices. This nonlocality has hindered the development of a consistent Hamiltonian formalism, leading some to question whether such a formalism is even viable. To address this challenge, we introduce a toy model inspired by string field theory and construct its Hamiltonian formalism by demanding that it reproduce all correlation functions derived from the path-integral formalism. Within this framework, we demonstrate for this toy model that physical-state constraints can be imposed to eliminate negative-norm states, while zero-norm states decouple from the physical state space. This approach provides a novel perspective on the nonlocality inherent in string field theories.</p>

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Towards Hamiltonian formalism for string field theory and nonlocality

  • Chih-Hao Chang,
  • Pei-Ming Ho,
  • I-Kwan Lee,
  • Wei-Hsiang Shao

摘要

String field theories exhibit exponential suppression of interactions among the component fields at high energies due to infinite-derivative factors such as e 2 / 2 \( {e}^{\ell^2\square /2} \) in the vertices. This nonlocality has hindered the development of a consistent Hamiltonian formalism, leading some to question whether such a formalism is even viable. To address this challenge, we introduce a toy model inspired by string field theory and construct its Hamiltonian formalism by demanding that it reproduce all correlation functions derived from the path-integral formalism. Within this framework, we demonstrate for this toy model that physical-state constraints can be imposed to eliminate negative-norm states, while zero-norm states decouple from the physical state space. This approach provides a novel perspective on the nonlocality inherent in string field theories.